Quantitative Research for Global Iron Ore Breakeven Operating Cost Based on BIF-type Enriched Mineralization Characteristics
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摘要: 国内外铁矿石价格对标基准多采用离岸价或到岸价，而非盈亏平衡运营成本，难以揭示我国铁矿石所面对的真实市场承压价格。为了厘清国际一线生产商的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格，本文对世界上最重要的条带状铁建造（BIF）矿产地——西澳哈默斯利盆地高品位赤铁矿矿床的矿化特征及代表性铁矿石产品展开系统研究，同时引入巴西铁四角地区的铁英岩型赤铁矿矿石作为对照，分析全球典型高品位赤铁矿矿石经济指标。结合前人研究成果，将西澳哈默斯利盆地与BIF相关的高品位赤铁矿的富集矿化类型划分为假象赤铁矿-针铁矿、微板状赤铁矿与河道沉积型赤铁矿，巴西铁四角主要为铁英岩型赤铁矿。上述各矿化类型对应的铁矿石产品的铁元素含量均高于56%；在杂质元素含量上，假象赤铁矿-针铁矿的磷含量高，微板状赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较高，河道沉积型赤铁矿的磷、硫含量较低，铁英岩型赤铁矿含锰。经定量估算，西澳力拓、必和必拓、FMG和巴西淡水河谷的铁矿石盈亏平衡运营成本价格分别为34.66、36.76、47.35、38.07美元/干吨，可为中国海外权益铁矿项目开发提供运营成本的参考。
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关键词:
- 条带状铁建造（BIF） /
- 高品位赤铁矿 /
- 假象赤铁矿-针铁矿 /
- 微板状赤铁矿 /
- 河道沉积型（CID型）赤铁矿 /
- 盈亏平衡运营成本
Abstract: The benchmark comparative price between global seaborne iron ore and Chinese domestic iron ore is based on free on board (FOB) or cost, insurance and freight (CIF), resulting in imprecise market pressure price estimation for Chinese domestic iron ore, due to the lack of the breakeven operating cost. To clarify the quantitative data of breakeven operating cost of iron ore products by tier-1 producers, systematic study has been carried out in terms of high-grade hematite enriched mineralization characteristics and typical iron ore products by different enriched types from banded iron formation (BIF) in Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. At the same time, the itabirite-type hematite ore in Brazil is introduced as a control to analyze the economic indicators of typical high grade hematite ore. Based on the previous research results, the enriched mineralization types of high grade hematite associated with BIF in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia, are classified into Martite-Goethite, Microplaty Hematite and channel iron deposit (CID) type hematite; and in the Iron Quadrangle, Brazil, they are mainly itabirite-type hematite. Brazilian iron is grouped into itabirite type hematite. The iron content of the iron ore products corresponding to each mineralization type is higher than 56%. On the impurity element content, the pseudo-hematite-goethite has high phosphorus content, whereas micro-plate hematite has high phosphorus and sulfur. The river sedimentary hematite has lower phosphorus and sulfur contents, whereas itabirite type hematite contains Mn. Representative global iron ore producers, including Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) and Vale, have reached the breakeven operating cost of 34.66, 36.76, 47.35 and 38.07 ＄/dmt, respectively, which could offer the OPEX cost reference for development of Chinese overseas iron ore equity projects.. -
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表 1 国际铁矿石市场典型高品位赤铁矿矿石质量规格
Table 1. Quality specifications of high-grade hematite products within global iron ore markets
矿石产品 矿化类型 Fe含量
(%)Al2O3含量
(%)SiO2含量
(%)S含量
(%)P含量
(%)H2O含量
(%)Mn含量
(%)PB块矿 马拉曼巴矿石和布洛克曼矿石 62.5 2 4.2 0.06 0.1 4 0 PB粉矿 马拉曼巴矿石和布洛克曼矿石 61 3 4 0.06 0.15 8.5 0 Newman块矿 微板状赤铁矿矿化 64 2 3 0.06 0.1 5 0 Newman粉矿 微板状赤铁矿矿化 62.5 3 5 0.06 0.1 8.5 0 Vale南部粉 铁英岩型赤铁矿矿化 63.5 1.5 5.5 0.03 0.05 8.5 0.3 Yandi粉矿 CID型赤铁矿矿化 58.5 2 6 0.02 0.05 9 0 FMG火箭特粉 CID型赤铁矿矿化 57.5 3 5 0.04 0.05 10 0 Robe River粉矿 CID型赤铁矿矿化 56.5 3 5 0.05 0.03 8 0 
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表 2 四大矿企铁矿石盈亏平衡价格分析
Table 2. Breakeven point analysis of global iron ores by Rio Tinto, BHPB, Vale and FMG
计量科目 计量单位 力拓
(Rio Tinto)必和必拓
(BHPB)FMG 淡水河谷
(Vale)FOB价格 美元/干吨 30.16 31.26 37.35 30.57 海运运费 美元/干吨 4.5 4.5 5 9.5 矿石铁品位 % 60.60 60.60 58 66 品位调价 (Fe品位62%基准) 美元/干吨 1 1 3 -3 产品湿度 % 6.00 6.00 9.00 8.00 湿度调价 美元/干吨 1 1 2 2 产品类型块矿比例 % 26 22 - 20 块矿比例调价 美元/干吨 -2 -1 0 -1 中国CFR价 (Fe品位62%基准) 美元/干吨 34.66 36.76 47.35 38.07
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