Accuracy Research of Minerals with High Loss of Ignition during X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Semi-quantitative Analysis
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摘要: 应用X射线荧光光谱半定量分析软件（SQX）分析未知样品时，SQX软件可对样品中的9F~92U元素进行半定量分析，而对H2O、C这些参数不能直接测定。对于烧失量和结晶水含量较高的铝土矿、CO2含量较高的碳酸盐矿物、硫碳含量较高的硫化物金属矿等样品，平衡归一化计算时，未测定参数对样品中的Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、MgO、Fe等主要元素分析结果影响较大，半定量分析数据的准确度较低。本文通过试验研究，提出了一种校正模式。该校正模式根据XRF半定量分析初步结果，选择性地对未知样品中的烧失量、结晶水、二氧化碳、硫等参数进行化学定量分析，将化学定量分析结果输入SQX，二次平衡归一计算得出新的半定量分析结果。实验结果表明，使用该校正模式分析铝土矿、碳酸盐矿物、硫化物金属矿中的多元素，平均准确度提高了2.6~4.5倍。本方法可快速、较为准确地测定铝土矿、碳酸盐矿物、硫化物金属矿等高烧失量矿物中的多元素。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDThe SQX, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry semi-quantitative analysis software, was used to analyze an unknown sample. The software can analyze the range of 9F-92U elements, but cannot directly analyze the parameters such as H2O and C. Employing the balanced normalized calculation to test a special sample, such as bauxite with high loss of ignition and high crystalliferous water content, carbonate minerals with higher CO2 content, sulfide metal minerals with higher sulfur and carbon content, the analysis results for main elements like Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, MgO and Fe are largely affected by undetermined parameters resulting in low accuracy of semi-quantitative analysis data. OBJECTIVESTo propose a new calibration mode through experimental research. METHODSThe calibration mode quantitatively and selectively analyzes the parameters such as loss of ignition, crystalliferous water, carbon dioxide and sulfur of an unknown sample, based on the preliminary results of semi-quantitative analysis. By putting the quantitative analysis result into SQX, the new semi-quantitative analysis results were obtained by using the second equilibrium normalization calculation. RESULTSThe experimental results show that the average accuracy of multi-element in bauxite, carbonate minerals and sulfide metal minerals was increased by 2.6 to 4.5 times using this calibration mode. CONCLUSIONSThe method can quickly and accurately determine multi-element in minerals with high loss of ignition, including bauxite, carbonate minerals, and sulfide metal minerals. -
Key words:
- bauxite /
- carbonate minerals /
- sulfide metal ore /
- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry /
- semi-quantitation
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表 1 仪器测量条件
Table 1. Measuring conditions of the XRF equipment
分析元素 数据库 靶材 电流
(kV)电压
(mA)滤光片 衰减器 准直器 晶体 探测器 PHA 重元素 Standard Rh 50 60 OUT 1/1 S2 LiF(200) SC 100~300 重元素(1) Sta-Ni400 Rh 50 60 Ni-400 1/1 S2 LiF(200) SC 150~250 Ca-Kα Standard Rh 40 75 OUT 1/1 S4 LiF(200) PC 100~300 K-Kα Standard Rh 40 75 OUT 1/1 S2 LiF(200) PC 100~300 Cl-Kα Standard Rh 30 100 OUT 1/1 S4 Ge PC 150~300 S-Kα Standard Rh 30 100 OUT 1/1 S4 Ge PC 150~300 P-Kα Standard Rh 30 100 OUT 1/1 S4 Ge PC 150~300 Si-Kα Standard Rh 30 100 OUT 1/1 S4 PET PC 100~300 Al-Kα Standard Rh 30 100 OUT 1/1 S4 PET PC 100~250 Mg-Kα Standard Rh 30 100 OUT 1/1 S4 RX25 PC 100~250 Na-Kα Standard Rh 30 100 OUT 1/1 S4 RX25 PC 100~250 F-Kα Standard Rh 40 75 OUT 1/1 S4 RX25 PC 100~300 
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表 2 铝土矿标准物质GBW(E)70036各种校正模式计算值与认定值对比
Table 2. Calculated values and standard values of bauxite standard material GBW(E)70036 in various correction models
分析元素 氧化物模式测试
结果(%)添加LOI校正结果
(%)H2O作平衡
校正结果(%)GBW(E)70036
认定值(%)氧化物模式测试结果
相对误差(%)LOI校正结果
相对误差(%)MgO 0.136 0.121 0.116 0.120 13.33 0.83 Al2O3 76.94 67.51 64.46 69.74 10.32 -3.20 SiO2 7.91 6.62 6.12 4.88 62.09 35.66 P2O5 0.159 0.132 0.121 0.120 32.50 10.00 SO3 0.182 0.00 0.139 0.047 - - K2O 1.07 0.880 0.810 0.710 50.70 23.94 CaO 0.258 0.212 0.195 0.180 43.33 17.78 TiO2 5.10 4.17 3.81 3.97 28.46 5.04 Fe2O3 7.42 5.97 5.35 6.09 21.84 -1.97 LOI * 13.70 △ 13.74 - - H2O * △ 18.26 - - - 注：“*”表示XRF不能直接分析该参数，无数据；“△”表示在LOI或H2O其中一项参数有测量结果时，另一项结果不参与校正计算；“-”表示未定值或未统计计算。
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表 3 碳酸盐标准物质GBW07131各种校正模式计算值与认定值对比
Table 3. Calculated values and standard values of carbonate standard material GBW07131 in various correction models
分析元素 氧化物模式
测试结果(%)CO2平衡
校正结果(%)添加LOI
校正结果(%)钙镁元素以碳酸盐
计平衡计算(%)GBW07131
认定值(%)氧化物模式测试
结果相对误差(%)LOI校正结果
相对误差(%)MgO 29.73 19.57 19.18 20.4 20.14 47.62 4.77 Al2O3 0.759 0.454 0.449 0.451 0.290 161.72 -54.83 SiO2 2.18 1.29 1.27 1.28 1.15 89.57 -10.43 P2O5 0.051 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.016 218.75 -87.50 SO3 0.442 0.256 0.00 0.254 - - - K2O 0.292 0.161 0.160 0.160 0.160 82.50 0.00 CaO 64.54 31.76 32.07 31.50 30.93 108.66 -3.69 TiO2 0.045 0.018 0.0186 0.0178 0.013 246.15 -43.08 MnO 0.038 0.015 0.016 0.011 0.012 216.67 -33.33 Fe2O3 0.435 0.169 0.176 0.167 0.170 155.88 -3.53 CO2 * 45.66 △ - - - - LOI * △ 45.67 - 45.73 - 0.13 注：“*”表示XRF不能直接分析该参数，无数据；“△”表示在LOI或CO2其中一项参数有测量结果时，另一项结果不参与校正计算；“-”表示未定值或未统计计算。
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表 4 硫化矿多金属矿标准物质GBW07166各种校正模式计算值与认定值对比
Table 4. Calculated values and standard values of sulfide polymetallic ore standard material GBW07166 in various correction models
分析元素 氧化物模式测试
结果(%)总硫、总碳固定
平衡计算(%)LOI平衡计算
(%)Sulfide模式
校正结果(%)GBW07166
认定值(%)氧化物模式测试
结果相对误差(%)总硫、总碳校正
结果相对误差(%)MgO 0.360 0.350 0.675 0.505 0.310 16.13 12.90 Al2O3 1.60 1.55 3.03 2.29 1.25 28.00 24.00 SiO2 3.34 3.50 6.26 4.86 3.78 -11.64 7.41 S 18.43 33.80 0.00 27.75 33.80 - - K2O 0.306 0.433 0.387 0.484 0.320 -4.38 35.31 CaO 2.05 2.02 2.61 3.27 1.96 4.59 3.06 Fe 18.22 28.58 27.45 30.84 29.60 -38.45 -3.45 Cu 15.50 28.00 30.72 28.42 24.20 -35.95 15.70 Zn 0.025 0.057 0.049 0.055 0.057 -56.14 0.00 C * 0.138 △ - - - - LOI * △ 27.04 - - - - 注：“*”表示XRF不能直接分析该参数，无数据；“△”表示在LOI或C其中一项参数有测量结果时，另一项结果不参与校正计算；“-”表示未定值或未统计计算。
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表 5 某未知样品各种校正模式的计算值与化学分析值对比
Table 5. Calculated values and chemical analysis values of various correction modes for the unknown sample
样品编号 分析元素 氧化物模式测试
结果(%)平衡校准计算
结果(%)化学法测定值
(%)氧化物模式测试
结果相对误差(%)平衡校准计算结果
相对误差(%)允许限Yc
(%)Al2O3 86.97 76.11 78.01 11.49 -2.44 0.63 SiO2 2.94 1.82 1.31 124.43 38.93 4.17 Fe2O3 3.26 2.54 2.55 24.84 -0.46 5.11 TiO2 4.29 3.4 3.10 38.38 9.78 4.80 未知样品1 K2O 0.19 0.17 0.16 18.75 6.25 10.45 CaO 0.33 0.31 0.31 6.45 0.00 9.00 MgO 0.29 0.25 0.20 45.00 25.00 9.95 P2O5 0.28 0.22 0.14 100.00 61.37 10.76 LOI * 14.6 14.6 - - 2.58 Na2O 0.76 0.71 0.781 -2.59 -8.72 7.17 MgO 0.29 0.24 0.21 39.14 14.95 9.84 Al2O3 0.48 0.39 0.31 54.13 26.16 9.00 SiO2 1.15 0.93 0.83 38.66 12.45 7.05 P2O5 1.24 1.00 0.97 28.34 2.88 6.77 Fe2O3 1.70 1.21 1.18 44.18 2.13 6.41 未知样品2 S 4.72 △ 3.21 47.04 - 4.74 CaO 1.13 0.81 0.83 36.64 -2.40 7.05 Cr 18.49 13.09 12.89 43.46 1.53 2.75 Ni 22.81 16.18 16 42.55 1.12 2.47 Cu 14.53 10.31 10.33 40.62 -0.23 3.04 Zn 3.04 2.16 2.02 43.24 5.94 5.49 LOI * 37.00 37.00 - - - MgO 0.21 0.200 0.185 14.49 8.11 10.12 Al2O3 0.53 0.472 0.427 23.87 10.61 8.34 SiO2 2.18 1.818 1.650 32.00 10.15 5.83 P2O5 0.02 0.024 0.028 -34.29 -13.21 14.91 S 18.84 34.02 34.02 - - - K2O 0.05 0.048 0.042 15.44 13.31 13.77 未知样品3 CaO 0.15 0.127 0.137 7.72 -7.50 10.81 TiO2 0.03 0.031 0.026 30.98 20.78 15.18 Fe 4.52 6.942 6.720 -32.81 3.31 3.64 Cu 0.68 1.057 1.218 -44.37 -13.18 6.36 Zn 32.24 50.517 48.250 -33.18 4.70 1.15 Pb 1.58 2.505 2.646 -40.46 -5.33 5.05 C * 1.21 1.21 - - - 注：“*”表示XRF不能直接分析该参数，无数据；“△”表示在LOI有测量结果时，该项结果不参与校正计算；“-”表示未定值或未统计计算。
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