天然及改性凹凸棒对稀土尾矿土壤中重金属铅的钝化效果研究

陈哲; 冯秀娟; 朱易春; 李洞明

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202006250096

天然及改性凹凸棒对稀土尾矿土壤中重金属铅的钝化效果研究

江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院, 江西赣州 341000

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目“风化淋积型稀土尾矿残留浸取剂与稀土迁移及演变模型”（51364015）

详细信息

作者简介: 陈哲, 硕士研究生, 从事土壤生态修复研究。E-mail:15279703750@163.com

通讯作者: 冯秀娟, 博士, 教授, 研究方向为城市建设与环境管理、矿山修复污染控制技术。E-mail:fengxj0710@126.com

中图分类号: X142

收稿日期: 2020-06-25

修回日期: 2020-08-21

录用日期: 2020-09-19

Study on the Passivation Effect of Natural and Modified Attapulgite on Heavy Metal Lead in Soils of the Rare Earth Tailings

College of Architecture and Mapping, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Xiu-juan FENG, fengxj0710@126.com

Received Date: 25 June 2020

Revised Date: 21 August 2020

Accepted Date: 19 September 2020

摘要

摘要: 赣南离子型稀土矿的大肆开采，以及尾矿废渣不合理处置，造成矿区周边环境中重金属铅含量超标，破环矿区生态环境。本文利用不同剂量（质量分数分别为5%、10%和15%）的天然及改性凹凸棒作为钝化剂，利用扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱对两种钝化剂的表面特征和官能团进行分析，采用BCR重金属连续提取法对钝化能力和效果进行评价，并以此研究土壤中铅的形态变化，借鉴国外的重金属TCLP提取法评估重金属污染土壤的环境质量。结果表明：经过50d的培养，土壤pH值从4.76显著升高至接近7.0。改性后凹凸棒使铅的酸提取态含量从25.69mg/kg降低至7.42mg/kg，并促进其向残渣态转化，残渣态含量比对照组增加了1.38倍，TCLP提取态含量比对照组降低了65.70%，从而显著降低了铅的生物可利用度和生态风险。与天然凹凸棒相比，改性后凹凸棒对稀土尾矿土壤修复具有较为良好的效果。
- 稀土尾矿 /
- 原位钝化 /
- 钝化剂 /
- 重金属形态转化 /
- 土壤修复
Abstract: BACKGROUNDThe large-scale mining of ion-type rare earth mines in southern Jiangxi and the unreasonable disposal of tailings and slag caused heavy metal lead content to be deposited in the surrounding environment of the mining area, exceeding the standard level, and destroying the ecological environment of the mining area. OBJECTIVESTo passivate the lead in the soil of the mining area to reduce its bioavailability and ecological risks. METHODSNatural and modified attapulgite with different dosages (mass fractions of 5%, 10%, and 15%) were used as passivating agents. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared were used to analyze the surface characteristics and functional groups of the two passivating agents. Passivation ability and effect were evaluated by BCR continuous extraction method of heavy metals, and form changes of lead in the soil were also studied by this method. Environmental quality of heavy metal contaminated soil was also evaluated using foreign heavy metal TCLP extraction methods. RESULTSAfter 50 days of cultivation, the modified attapulgite reduced the acid-extracted content of lead from 25.69 to 7.42mg/kg, the residual content increased by 1.38 times and the TCLP extracted content decreased by 65.70% compared to the control group, significantly reducing the bioavailability and ecological risk from lead. CONCLUSIONSCompared with the natural attapulgite, the modified attapulgite has a better effect on the soil remediation of rare earth tailings.
- rare earth tailings /
- in situ immobilization /
- passivating agent /
- form transformation /
- soil remediation

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图 1 (a) 天然凹凸棒；(b)酸活化凹凸棒；(c)酸活化-巯基改性凹凸棒

Figure 1.

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图 2 天然及改性凹凸棒土FTIR图

Figure 2.

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图 3 土壤pH值变化

Figure 3.

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图 4 土壤中铅酸提取态含量变化

Figure 4.

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图 5 添加不同钝化剂后土壤中铅在不同形态间的分配

Figure 5.

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图 6 土壤中重金属TCLP提取态含量变化

Figure 6.

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表 1 改进BCR重金属形态连续提取步骤

Table 1. Step of the improved BCR continuous extraction for heavy metal speciation

提取步骤	提取试剂	重金属形态
1	乙酸(0.11mol/L)	可交换态、可溶于水和酸的碳酸盐等
2	盐酸羟胺(0.5mol/L)	可还原态、铁锰氧化物
3	过氧化氢和乙酸铵(1mol/L)	可氧化态、有机质和硫化物
4	硝酸+盐酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸	残渣态、非硅酸盐结合的金属

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