Concentration and Distribution of Organic Pollutants in Fish of Yongxing and Qilianyu Islands, Xisha, China
-
摘要:
环境中的有机污染物对生态系统和人类健康产生严重威胁。有机污染物在全球海域鱼体内普遍检出，且长期食用会对人类造成一定的健康风险。为研究中国西沙海域鱼体内有机污染物污染情况、来源及生态风险，本文利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析测定了永兴岛和七连屿鱼体内有机氯农药(OCPs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量，采集了包括蜂巢石斑鱼、红裸颊鲷、黑身蓝子鱼在内的17种鱼类共50条。结果表明：鱼体内OCPs、PAHs和PCBs的总含量均值范围分别为2.23～91.57ng/g ww、2.11～31.70ng/g ww和1.55～54.04ng/g ww，平均值分别为32.50ng/g ww、17.29ng/g ww和18.79ng/g ww，中位数分别为16.92ng/g ww、13.34ng/g ww和7.61ng/g ww。双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)类农药在美欧沿海鱼体内的含量分别为0.65～107.6ng/g ww和763～5357ng/g lw，中国浙江沿海水域鱼体内PAHs含量为10.4～140ng/g ww，地中海、意大利沿海和美国查尔斯顿港口采集的鱼体内PCBs含量分别为1234～12327ng/g lw、56.8～4791ng/g lw和5.02～232.20ng/g ww，研究区DDTs和PAHs含量水平处于全球海域的低端，推测由于研究区远离污染源。利用DDTs/[双对氯苯基二氯乙烯(DDE)+双对氯苯基二氯乙烷(DDD)]比值来判断DDTs的来源，研究区50%鱼体内DDTs/(DDE+DDD)＞1，表明中国西沙海域有部分新近输入的DDTs，研究区沉积物来源为陆源，推测中国西沙海域DDTs为陆源DDTs和永兴岛农业活动的综合作用。利用蒽(ANT)/[ANT+菲(PHE)]比值＞0.1或该比值＜0.1来判断PAHs的来源是燃烧源还是石油源，研究区88%鱼体内ANT/(ANT+PHE)＞0.1，表明PAHs来源于化石燃料燃烧。风险评价结果显示，鱼体内OCPs和PCBs生态风险低。
Abstract:Organic pollutants were widely detected in marine fish in global oceans, and long-term consumption can pose certain health risks to humans. To study the pollution characteristics, 50 fish were collected in Xisha, China, in which Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined by GC-MS. It was found that OCPs, PAHs and PCBs concentrations in fish ranged from 2.23-91.57ng/g ww, 2.11-31.70ng/g ww and 1.55-54.04ng/g ww, respectively. The ratios of DDTs/(DDE+DDD)＞1 in 50% of fish. The ratio of ANT/(ANT+PHE)＞0.1 in 88% of fish and the ratio of FL/(FL+PYR)＞0.5 in 100% of fish. Using the ILCR model to evaluate the ecological risk of fish, the ILCR values of organic pollutants in most fish were below 1×10−6. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at
http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202304280057 . -
-
表 1 永兴岛—七连屿海域鱼类体型特征及采样点
Table 1. Biological information and sampling sites of fish in Yongxing and Qilianyu islands
序号 鱼类样品种类 鱼类样品体长(cm) 鱼类样品质量(g) 平行样
编号采样站位
编号平均值±标准差 样品体长范围 平均值±标准差 样品质量范围 1 斑点九棘鲈
Cephalopholis argus22.03±1.06 20.50～23.50 192.37±21.58 159.82～236.03 F1-1 S10 F1-2 S12 F1-3 S15 2 黑鳍粗唇鱼
Hemigymnus melapterus29.74±1.81 26.40～32.50 572.35±88.13 456.66～720.35 F2-1 S01 F2-2 S03 F2-3 S06 3 侧牙鲈
Variola louti28.24±4.45 21.50～34.60 484.27±225.6 161.41～800.74 F3-1 S07 F3-2 S06 F3-3 S03 4 东方胡椒鲷
Plectorhynchus orientalis31.35±6.73 23.90～39.80 597.61±461.89 208.07～1372.36 F4-1 S12 F4-2 S08 F4-3 S12 5 蜂巢石斑鱼
Epinephelus merra16.85±1.23 15.00～19.00 72.66±18.37 49.81～109.25 F5-1 S08 F5-2 S12 F5-3 S08 6 黑边石斑鱼
Epinephelus fasciatus20.78±2.33 15.70～23.60 153.94±47.95 62.98～203.29 F6-1 S04 F6-2 S12 F6-3 S08 7 黄带副鲱鲤
Upeneus sulphureus23.42±2.12 19.90～26.80 286.6±86.07 188.48～447.00 F7-1 S06 F7-2 S06 F7-3 S07 8 红裸颊鲷
Lethrimus rubrioperculatus24.57±2.86 21.70～30.20 261.1±97.13 174.51～443.59 F8-1 S12 F8-2 S02 F8-3 S06 9 黑身蓝子鱼
Siganus punctatissimus30.16±2.07 27.20～34.20 603.73±55.29 519.11～686.02 F9-1 S09 F9-2 S09 F9-3 S02 10 棘尾前孔鲀
Cantherhines dumerilii28.18±2.34 24.80～31.40 493.23±146.58 300.88～704.29 F10-1 S15 F10-2 S09 11 三带副鲱鲤
Parupeneus trifasciatus20.85±3.54 17.50～28.50 236.04±143.34 114.91～577.27 F11-1 S09 F11-2 S08 F11-3 S01 12 三色鹦嘴鱼
Scarus tricolore25.83±3.84 20.80～31.90 434.52±200.26 185.01～762.01 F12-1 S04 F12-2 S15 13 三叶唇鱼
Cheilinus trilobatus20.62±1.24 18.80～22.50 189.52±46.79 120.82～287.57 F13-1 S02 F13-2 S08 F13-3 S04 14 条斑副鲱鲤
Parupeneus barberinus24.51±2.19 21.50～27.20 305.17±100.85 196.15～459.4 F14-1 S12 F14-2 S02 F14-3 S12 15 污色鹦嘴鱼
Scarus sordidus25.5±1.68 24.00～27.90 418.26±80.97 350.29～511.28 F15-1 S11 F15-2 S14 F15-3 S01 F15-4 S11 16 眼带蓝子鱼
Siganus puellus21.5±1.73 18.40～23.90 191.04±47.64 129.54～271.4 F16-1 S12 F16-2 S12 F16-3 S02 17 银蓝子鱼
Siganus argenteus25.89±2.44 21.00～29.20 319.09±105.58 148.79～495.53 F17-1 S09 F17-2 S02 F17-3 S09 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 永兴岛—七连屿海域鱼体内有机污染物含量水平
Table 2. Concentrations of organic pollutants in fish in Yongxing and Qilianyu islands. Polluted parrotfish (Scarus sordidus) had the highest content of OCPs, PAHs and PCBs, which might be related to its habitat and scraping coral reef algae habits.
鱼类样品种类 采样数量
（件）∑OCPs(ng/g ww) ∑PAHs(ng/g ww) ∑PCBs(ng/g ww) 平均值，中位数(数据范围) 平均值，中位数(数据范围) 平均值，中位数(数据范围) 斑点九棘鲈
Cephalopholis argus3 26.81，39.21(1.41～39.82) 8.23，11.61(ND～13.09) 12.23，7.49(4.55～24.65) 黑鳍粗唇鱼
Hemigymnus melapterus3 2.23，2.36(0.88～3.44) 2.11，2.02(0.89～3.42) 1.55，1.64(0.99～2.02) 侧牙鲈
Variola louti3 18.23，11.74(10.39～32.57) 15.20，12.22(4.14～29.24) 11.29，6.89(4.82～22.17) 东方胡椒鲷
Plectorhynchus orientalis3 11.65，14.43(4.83～15.69) 8.96，11.18(2.79～12.9) 10.86，9.90(5.69～16.97) 蜂巢石斑鱼
Epinephelus merra3 24.76，13.85(1.93～58.51) 28.14，30.63(1.20～52.59) 5.30，4.85(2.88～8.18) 黑边石斑鱼
Epinephelus fasciatus3 5.30，4.12(3.11～8.68) 7.10，6.12(5.68～9.49) 4.64，3.57(2.23～8.13) 黄带副鲱鲤
Upeneus sulphureus3 46.98，38.18(17.42～85.35) 26.23，27.66(15.60～35.44) 6.06，7.04(2.34～8.80) 红裸颊鲷
Lethrimus rubrioperculatus3 45.34，16.57(11.38～108.05) 16.29，9.98(7.48～31.40) 34.22，7.44(3.57～91.65) 黑身蓝子鱼
Siganus punctatissimus3 64.68，24.77(17.27～151.99) 16.89，16.69(14.34～19.63) 52.88，18.89(4.52～135.24) 棘尾前孔鲀
Cantherhines dumerilii2 24.04，24.04(16.24～31.83) 8.77，8.77(0.63～16.91) 13.84，13.84(2.59～25.09) 三带副鲱鲤
Parupeneus trifasciatus3 33.74，15.88(12.90～72.44) 22.89，25.19(9.36～34.11) 23.83，12.27(7.29～51.94) 三色鹦嘴鱼
Scarus tricolore2 31.56，31.56(9.15～53.98) 26.08，26.08(7.70～44.46) 22.80，22.80(6.44～39.17) 三叶唇鱼
Cheilinus trilobatus3 44.54，15.77(10.58～107.28) 26.58，15.50(2.00～62.23) 23.85，12.26(5.05～54.24) 条斑副鲱鲤
Parupeneus barberinus3 17.79，22.08(7.6～23.69) 14.56，14.34(13.56～15.76) 8.24，7.73(5.09～11.91) 污色鹦嘴鱼
Scarus sordidus4 91.57，88.15(37.91～152.08) 31.70，33.17(16.87～43.60) 54.04，53.79(39.48～69.11) 眼带蓝子鱼
Siganus puellus3 24.52，26.81(16.20～30.55) 14.15，13.13(9.61～19.72) 8.70，8.51(7.26～10.34) 银蓝子鱼
Siganus argenteus3 15.88，19.49(8.63～19.51) 15.35，12.74(8.13～25.18) 12.97，5.02(2.87～31.03) 注：ND表示未检出；ww表示湿重。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 国内外海域鱼体内有机污染物含量及来源
Table 3. The concentration and source of organic pollutants in fish in domestic and foreign sea. The concentrations of organic pollutants in marine fish in study area were low.
采样海域 采样时间 样品类型 有机污染物含量范围 含量单位 有机污染物来源分析 参考
文献∑DDTs ∑HCHs ∑PAHs ∑PCBs 中国浙江沿海 2005年 海洋贝类、鱼类、虾类 1.5～94
(∑OCPs)− 10.4～140 0.06～75 ng/g WW DDTs主要源自陆源输入 ［8］ 中国渤海湾 2002年
5月、6月、
9月浮游生物、无脊椎动物、鱼类、海鸟 − − − 2～64.5 ng/g WW − ［22］ 中国广东沿海 2007年2月 海洋贝类、鱼类、虾类 1.99～1400.01 ND − ND ng/g WW − ［9］ 中国南海北部 2013年
4月—8月金线鱼 2.3～76.5 8.3～228 ng/g LW DDTs有新近输入的可能性 ［27］ 中国南海涠洲岛 2018年
4月—5月珊瑚礁
鱼类7.7～401 1.12～2.61 − 0.87～19.8 ng/g LW DDTs、HCHs和PCBs均主要来源于历史残留 ［16］ 中国南海永兴岛 2012年
7月—8月鱼类 9.7～5831 − − 6.3～199 ng/g LW DDTs主要来源于历史残留，部分新输入来源于渔船使用的防污涂料 ［21］ 中国南海七连屿 − 鱼类 16～31.6 − − 6.88～113.2 ng/g LW DDTs主要来源于历史残留 ［6］ 美国索尔顿 水域 2001年5月 海洋鱼类 17.1～239 − − 2.5～18.6 ng/g WW − ［50］ 美国查尔斯顿港口及其支流 2014年 鱼类 0.65～107.6 − − 5.02～232.20 ng/g WW − ［7］ 韩国沿海 1997、1998、1999年 贝类 4.4～422
(∑OCPs)− − 9.95～131.37 ng/g DW 陆源输入 ［51］ 阿拉伯海亚丁湾 2016、2007、2018年 鲨鱼 ND～740 − − 10.1～471 ng/g DW DDTs来源于新近输入 ［52］ 印度喀拉拉邦Calicut地区 2003年
4月—9月鱼类 0.10～10.47
(∑OCPs)− − − ng/g WW − ［25］ 南极威德尔海 2015年
12月—
2016年
2月鱼类 140～480 9.8～310.9 − 427～2425 pg/g FW − ［11］ 地中海 2006年6月 鱼类 763～5357 − − 1234～12327 ng/g LW − ［53］ 意大利那不勒斯湾 2003年
2月—7月鱼类 ND～2096 − − 56.8～4791 ng/g LW − ［24］ 中国西沙海域
永兴岛—七连屿
（本文研究）2020年
10月—
11月海洋鱼类 2.13～37.12 ND～21.27 2.11～31.70 1.55～54.04 ng/g WW DDTs、HCHs部分源自历史残留，部分源自新近输入；PAHs源自燃料高温燃烧后产物；PCBs源自永兴岛垃圾焚烧 本文
研究注：LW—脂质重；WW—湿重；DW—干重；FW—鲜重；ND—未检出；“−”表示无相关数据或内容；本文认为湿重等同于鲜重。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Salem D M S A, El Sikaily A, El Nemr A. Organochlorines and their risk in marine shellfish collected from the Mediterranean coast[J]. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 2014, 40(2): 93−101. doi: 10.1016/j.ejar.2014.03.004
[2] Lorenzo M, Campo J, Morales Suárez-Varela M, et al. Occurrence, distribution and behavior of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in a Mediterranean wetland protected area[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 646: 1009−1020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.304
[3] 田芹, 佟玲, 安子怡, 等. 沉积物中多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯成分分析标准物质研制[J]. 岩矿测试, 2022, 41(3): 511−520.
Tian Q, Tong L, An Z Y, et al. Development of certified reference materials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2022, 41(3): 511−520.
[4] 史敬文, 张瑞杰, 韩民伟, 等. 北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁区多环芳烃污染特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(4): 1802−1811.
Shi J W, Zhang R J, Han M W, et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in multi-environmental media in coral reef regions of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf[J]. China Environmental Science, 2023, 43(4): 1802−1811.
[5] 刘亚雯, 李有绅, 杨忆菁, 等. 海洋环境中持久性有机污染物的生物累积研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2022, 17(6): 14−31.
Liu Y W, Li Y S, Yang Y Q, et al. Bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of persistent organic pollutants in marine environment[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(6): 14−31.
[6] Wang Q L, Xie C M, Long C Y, et al. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in biota from Qilianyu Island, South China Sea[J]. Toxics, 2022, 10(6): 324. doi: 10.3390/toxics10060324
[7] Fair P A, White N D, Wolf B, et al. Persistent organic pollutants in fish from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: A risk assessment[J]. Environmental Research, 2018, 167: 598−613. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.001
[8] 方杰. 浙江沿海沉积物和海洋生物中持久性有机污染物及重金属的分析与研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2007: 1-196.
Fang J. Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in surface sediments and marine organisms from coastal areas of Zhejiang Province[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2007: 1-196.
[9] 秦春艳. 广东沿海海洋生物体内有毒物质的生物积累与污染评价[D]. 广州: 华南师范大学, 2007: 1-112.
Qin C Y. Study of bioaccumulation and evaluation on pollutions in marine organisms from the coast site along Guangdong Province[D]. Guangzhou: South China Normal University, 2007: 1-112.
[10] Strobel A, Schmid P, Segner H, et al. Persistent organic pollutants in tissues of the white-blooded Antarctic fish Champsocephalus gunnari and Chaenocephalus aceratus[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 161: 555−562. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.089
[11] Strobel A, Schmid P, Burkhardt-Holm P, et al. Persistent organic pollutants in red- and white-blooded high Antarctic notothenioid fish from the remote Weddell Sea[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 193: 213−222. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.020
[12] Lana N B, Berton P, Covaci A, et al. Fingerprint of persistent organic pollutants in tissues of Antarctic notothenioid fish[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 499: 89−98. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.033
[13] Jamieson A J, Malkocs T, Piertney S B. et al. Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2017, 1: 1−4.
[14] O’Driscoll K, Mayer B, Ilyina T, et al. Modelling the cycling of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the North Sea system: Fluxes, loading, seasonality, trends[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2013, 111-112: 69−82. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.09.011
[15] 郝青. 持久性有机污染物在南海海域鱼体中的富集特征及人体饮食暴露风险[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2014: 1-103.
Hao Q. Persistent organic pollutants in marine fish from South China Sea: Levels, bioaccumulation and human dietary exposure assessment[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014: 1-103.
[16] 丁洋. 涠洲岛珊瑚礁鱼类中OCPs, PCBs和OPEs生物积累的研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2019: 1-148.
Ding Y. Bioaccumulation of OCPs, PCBs and OPEs in coral reef fish from Weizhou Island[D]. Xining: Guangxi University, 2019: 1-148.
[17] 汪伟薇, 孙毓鑫, 徐向荣. 西沙永兴岛土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源[J]. 生态科学, 2021, 40(5): 1−7.
Wang W W, Sun Y X, Xu X R. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Yongxing Island, Xisha Archipelago[J]. Ecological Science, 2021, 40(5): 1−7.
[18] 周涛, 韩彬, 徐亚岩, 等. 南中国海海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量及分布特征[J]. 岩矿测试, 2014, 33(1): 90−95.
Zhou T, Han B, Xu Y Y, et al. Concentrations and distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in seawaters of the South Sea[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2014, 33(1): 90−95.
[19] Ael E V, Covaci A, Das K, et al. Factors influencing the bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in food webs of the Scheldt Estuary[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(19): 11221−11231.
[20] 曹磊, 韩彬, 郑立, 等. 桑沟湾水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平及分布特征[J]. 海洋科学, 2011, 35(4): 44−50.
Cao L, Han B, Zheng L, et al. Concentrations and distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in seawaters of the Sanggou Bay[J]. Marine Science, 2011, 35(4): 44−50.
[21] Sun Y X, Hao Q, Xu X R, et al. Persistent organic pollutants in marine fish from Yongxing Island, South China Sea: Levels, composition profiles and human dietary exposure assessment[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 98: 84−90. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.008
[22] Wan Y, Hu J, Zhang K, et al. Trophodynamics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the marine food web of Bohai Bay, North China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(4): 1078−1083.
[23] Perugini M, Cavaliere M, Giammarino A, et al. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in some edible marine organisms from the Central Adriatic Sea[J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 57(5): 391−400. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.034
[24] Naso B, Perrone D, Ferrante M C, et al. Persistent organic pollutants in edible marine species from the Gulf of Naples, Southern Italy[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2005, 343(1-3): 83−95. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.007
[25] Sankar T V, Zynudheen A A, Anandan R, et al. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metal residues in fish and shellfish from Calicut region, Kerala, India[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 65(4): 583−590. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.038
[26] Hardell S, Tilander H, Welfinger-Smith G, et al. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and three organochlorine pesticides in fish from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska[J]. PloS ONE, 2010, 5(8): e12396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012396
[27] Hao Q, Sun Y X, Xu X R, et al. Geographical distribution and risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in golden threads (Nemipterus virgatus) from the Northern South China Sea[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2015, 24: 7−8.
[28] 黄磊, 李芊, 徐向荣, 等. 西沙群岛海域表层海水中微塑料的组成与分布特征[J]. 科学通报, 2020, 65(24): 2627−2635. doi: 10.1360/TB-2020-0220
Huang L, Li Q, Xu X R, et al. Composition and distribution of microplastics in the surface seawater of Xisha Islands[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(24): 2627−2635. doi: 10.1360/TB-2020-0220
[29] 周静, 杨东, 彭子成, 等. 西沙海域海水中溶解态重金属的含量及其影响因子[J]. 中国科学技术大学学报, 2007, 37(8): 1036−1041.
Zhou J, Yang D, Peng Z C, et al. The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in Xisha waters and their influential factors[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China, 2007, 37(8): 1036−1041.
[30] 徐阁, 王德鸿, 王诗文, 等. 西沙永兴岛附近海域沉积物的环境质量评价[J]. 海洋学报, 2022, 44(1): 137−146.
Xu G, Wang D H, Wang S W, et al. Evaluation on sediments quality around the Yongxing Island of Xisha[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022, 44(1): 137−146 .
[31] 贺仕昌, 蔚广鑫, 王德鸿, 等. 七连屿海域表层海水及沉积物重金属环境质量评估[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 2020, 39(2): 246−252.
He S C, Wei G X, Wang D H, et al. Environmental quality assessment of heavy metals in the surface seawater and sediments around Qilianyu Island[J]. Application Oceanology, 2020, 39(2): 246−252.
[32] Chen Q, Liu X, Xu L, et al. High levels of methylmercury in guano and ornithogenic coral sand sediments on Xisha Islands, South China Sea[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2012, 63(2): 177−188.
[33] 李元超, 陈石泉, 郑新庆, 等. 永兴岛及七连屿造礁石珊瑚近10年变化分析[J]. 海洋学报, 2018, 40(8): 97−109.
Li Y C, Chen S Q, Zheng X Q, et al. Analysis of the change of hermatypic corals in Yongxing Island and Qilian Island in nearly a decade[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2018, 40(8): 97−109.
[34] 李学杰, 王大伟, 吴时国, 等. 三沙海底峡谷识别与地貌特征分析[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2017, 37(3): 28−36.
Li X J, Wang D W, Wu S G, et al. Geomorphology of Sansha canyons: Identification and implication[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2017, 37(3): 28−36.
[35] Han M W, Zhang R J, Yu K F, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in corals of the South China Sea: Occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation, and considerable role of coral mucus[J]. Journal of Hazrdous Aterials, 2020, 384: 121299. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121299
[36] Minh T B, Watanabe M, Nakata H, et al. Contamination by persistent organochlorines in small cetaceans from Hong Kong coastal water[J]. Marine Polution Bulletin, 1999, 39(1-12): 383−392. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00066-1
[37] Mai B X, Fu H M, Sheng G Y, et al. Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2002, 117(3): 457−474. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00193-2
[38] Mai B X, Qi S H, Zeng E Y, et al. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal region off Macao, China: Assessment of input sources and transport pathways using compositional analysis[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 37(21): 4855−4863.
[39] Yang N Q, Matsuda M, Kawano M, et al. PCBs and organichlorine pesticide (OCPs) in edible fish and shellfish from China[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 63: 1342−1352. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.029
[40] Hong H S, Xu L J, Zhang L, et al. Environment fate and chemistry of organic pollution in the sediment of Xiamen and virtoria harbours[J]. Marine Polution Bulletin, 1995, 31: 229−236. doi: 10.1016/0025-326X(95)00115-4
[41] Hitch R K, Day H R. Unusual persistence of DDT in some western USA soils[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1992, 48(2): 259−264.
[42] Pereira W E, Hostettler F D, Rapp J B, et al. Distributions and fate of chlorinated pesticides, biomarkers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments along a contamination gradient from a point-source in San Francisco Bay, California[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 1994, 41(3): 299−314.
[43] Chau K W. Persistent organic pollution characterization of sediments in Pearl River Estuary[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 64: 1545-1549.
[44] 傅飘儿, 庄畅, 刘坚, 等. 南海西沙海槽XH-CL16柱状沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(4): 63−71.
Fu P E, Zhuang C, Liu J, et al. Rare earth elements geochemostry and provenance of the sediments from core XH-CL16 in the Xisha Trough, South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(4): 63−71.
[45] 罗慧, 王新红, 汤丽, 等. 中国部分沿海海域水体中溶解态有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留分布特征[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2010, 29(1): 115−120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2010.01.026
Luo H, Wang X H, Tang L, et al. Distributions of dissolved organoxhlorine pesticides and polychlorinated bipheyls in China coastal waters[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2010, 29(1): 115−120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2010.01.026
[46] Yunker M B, Macdonald R W, Vingarzan R, et al. PAHs in the Fraser River Basin: A critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2002, 33(4): 489−515. doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00002-5
[47] Baumard P, Budzinski H, Garrigues P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment and mussels of the western Mediterranean Sea[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998, 17(5): 765−776. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620170501
[48] 邝伟明, 林彩, 林辉, 等. 南海海洋生物体内多环芳烃污染特征及风险评价[J]. 环境保护科学, 2021, 47(4): 127−132.
Kuang W M, Lin C, Lin H, et al. Characteristics and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine organisms from South China Sea[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2021, 47(4): 127−132.
[49] 罗孝俊. 珠江三角洲河流、河口和邻近南海海域水体、沉积物中多环芳烃与有机氯农药研究[D]. 广州: 中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所), 2004: 1-114.
Luo X J. Research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in rivers, estuaries and adjacent South China Sea waters and sediments in the Pearl River Delta[D]. Guangzhou: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry), 2004: 1-114.
[50] Rieddel R, Schlenk D, Frank D. Analyses of organic and inorganic contaminants in Salton Sea fish[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002, 44(5): 403−411. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00254-5
[51] Kim S K, Oh J R, Shim W J, et al. Geographical distribution and accumulation features of organochlorine residues in bivalves from coastal areas of South Korea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002, 45(1): 268−279.
[52] Boldrocchi G, Monticelli D, Omar Y M, et al. Trace elements and POPs in two commercial shark species from Djibouti: Implications for human exposure[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 669: 637−648. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.122
[53] Storelli M M, Losada S, Marcotrigiano G O, et al. Polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide contamination signatures in deep-sea fish from the Mediterranean Sea[J]. Environmental Research, 2009, 109: 851−856. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.07.008
[54] Binelli A, Provini A. POPs in edible clams from different Italian and European markets and possible human health risk[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 46: 879−886. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00043-2
[55] 朱丹尼, 周长松, 李军, 等. 西南典型地下河系统无机-有机指标特征及健康风险评价[J]. 岩矿测试, 2022, 41(3): 463−475.
Zhu D N, Zhou C S, Li J, et al. Inorganic-organic characteristics and health risk assessment of typical underground river system in Southwest China[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2022, 41(3): 463−475.
[56] 李丽君, 王海娇, 马健生. 下辽河平原地下水中挥发性有机物的污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 岩矿测试, 2021, 40(6): 930−943.
Li L J, Wang H J, Ma J S. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in groundwater in the lower Liaohe River Plain[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2021, 40(6): 930−943.
[57] Berg M, Birnbaum L, Bosveld A T C, et al. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1999, 106(12): 775−792.
[58] Lundebye A K, Berntssen M H G, Lie Ø, et al. Dietary uptake of dioxins (PCDD/PCDFs) and dioxin‐like PCBs in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2004, 10(3): 199−207. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00299.x
-
图(3)
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 749
- PDF下载数: 76
- 施引文献: 0