Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Soil Heavy Metals in the Liaoyang—Dandong Region
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摘要:
辽阳—丹东地区是辽宁省重要粮食与经济作物生产区，以往土壤重金属研究主要集中在200cm以浅，掌握土壤0～500cm重金属分布特征及来源，对监测黑土地质量及研究土壤重金属迁移转化意义重大。本文采集了1381件土壤表层(0～20cm)、160件土壤中层(150～250cm)和75件土壤深层(250～500cm)样品，对其中8种重金属元素和Sc等元素含量进行了测定，探讨研究区土壤重金属在不同层分布规律并解析来源。调查结果显示：土壤表层、中层和深层As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Co、Pb、Sc、Zn和Cu平均含量均未超过污染风险筛选值；通过多元统计，Cd和Hg表层富集明显，Pb和Zn表现一定富集趋势，Cd、Hg和Pb在表层分布不均匀；通过空间分析方法和地累积指数，研究区土壤表层中Cd、Hg、Pb和Zn整体表现为轻微污染，中度污染点零星分布在人员集中和采矿活跃区域；土壤中层Pb元素轻微污染，深层元素均未污染；利用Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析(PCA)和人为贡献率(ACR)揭示Pb、As、Co、Cu、Cr、Sc和Zn主要受自然背景的影响，Pb和Zn局部轻微受人为因素的影响，Cd和Hg则受人为活动的影响显著。研究区需要加强对Hg、Cd、Pb和Zn元素在不同地块富集趋势的监测，中层深度需要关注Pb的富集，同时开展区内不同流域土壤的Cd和Hg在不同层位的迁移转化研究。
Abstract:The Liaoyang—Dandong region is an important grain and cash crop production area in Liaoning Province. It is of great significance for monitoring the quality of black soil and studying the migration and transformation of heavy metals in soil to understand the distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in soil from 0 to 500cm. Soil samples were collected from different layers, and the contents of 8 heavy metal elements and Sc elements were determined. The average contents did not exceed the pollution risk screening value, Cd and Hg were obviously enriched in the surface soil, and Pb and Zn showed a certain enrichment trend. Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn in the surface soil were slightly polluted, the middle layer of soil was slightly polluted by Pb, and the deep layer of soil was not polluted. Pb, As, Co, Cu, Cr, Sc and Zn were affected mainly by natural background, Pb and Zn were affected slightly by local human factors, and Cd and Hg were affected significantly by human activities. In the future, it will be necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the enrichment trend of Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn elements in different plots. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at
http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202404070080 .-
Key words:
- heavy metals /
- index of geoaccumulation /
- multivariate statistical analysis /
- source analysis /
- ICP-MS
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表 1 分析方法质量监控
Table 1. Quality control of analysis methods
元素 分析方法 检出限(mg/kg) 准确度（△logC) RSD(%) 报出率(%) As AFS 0.20 0.004～0.024 3.06～6.51 100 Cd ICP-MS 0.02 0.004～0.039 3.34～8.88 100 Cr XRF 1.80 0.002～0.011 0.56～3.71 100 Cu XRF 0.90 0.002～0.036 0.59～6.00 100 Hg AFS 0.0003 0.000～0.031 2.69～8.59 100 Pb XRF 1.00 0.000～0.032 0.44～4.90 100 Zn ICP-OES 0.30 0.000～0.016 0.30～8.58 100 Sc ICP-OES 0.30 0.000～0.035 2.50～6.26 100 Co ICP-OES 0.60 0.000～0.035 1.79～6.21 100 
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表 2 土壤重金属元素含量统计
Table 2. Statistics of heavy metal element contents in soil
统计参数 样品数量 采样深度 As
(mg/kg)Cd
(mg/kg)Cr
(mg/kg)Hg
(mg/kg)Co
(mg/kg)Pb
(mg/kg)Sc
(mg/kg)Zn
(mg/kg)Cu
(mg/kg)平均值 1381 表层 9.643 0.243 70.311 0.063 14.991 39.856 11.695 85.196 24.827 160 中层 8.828 0.084 70.848 0.028 14.186 27.627 11.736 75.194 23.509 75 深层 9.442 0.107 70.709 0.033 14.081 30.484 11.752 76.426 24.246 中值 1381 表层 9.650 0.183 71.678 0.060 15.009 36.867 11.750 87.660 24.917 160 中层 8.435 0.078 70.700 0.025 14.000 27.300 11.800 75.950 22.100 75 深层 8.700 0.088 70.30 0.028 13.80 28.70 11.80 75.70 23.00 最小值 1381 表层 7.294 0.001 43.868 0.020 7.570 18.804 8.483 41.681 15.422 160 中层 1.410 0.021 19.700 0.006 3.250 2.260 4.350 21.700 6.640 75 深层 1.150 0.021 10.70 0.0047 2.260 2.260 3.090 12.00 3.54 最大值 1381 表层 11.79 1.093 142.353 0.181 20.673 99.575 15.357 140.552 32.513 160 中层 32.70 0.300 277 0.061 37.800 58.500 21.0 0 270 50.0 75 深层 49.50 1.480 516 0.250 51.90 231 31.40 402 115 标准偏差 1381 表层 0.984 0.150 13.144 0.019 2.505 14.862 1.483 14.606 3.432 160 中层 4.514 0.039 31.644 0.014 5.234 8.173 3.336 26.258 8.277 75 深层 5.470 0.092 33.293 0.024 5.279 14.082 3.381 27.646 10.446 变异系数 1381 表层 0.102 0.618 0.187 0.300 0.167 0.373 0.127 0.171 0.138 160 中层 0.511 0.464 0.447 0.517 0.369 0.296 0.284 0.349 0.352 75 深层 0.579 0.864 0.471 0.731 0.375 0.462 0.288 0.362 0.431 富集因子 − 表层/中层 1.096 2.903 0.996 2.249 1.060 1.448 1.000 1.137 1.060 − 表层/深层 1.026 2.282 0.999 1.903 1.070 1.314 1.000 1.120 1.029 背景值 − 表层 6.720 0.130 60.000 0.030 11.00 24.000 9.300 54.00 18.700
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表 3 土壤表层和中层重金属元素之间的相关系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficients between heavy metal elements in surface and deep soil
元素 Pearson系数 变质岩 沉积岩 第四系冰碛物 第四系冲积物 花岗岩 As 0.491** 0.408* 0.285* 0.530** 0.491** Cd 0.658** 0.112 0.045 0.208 0.613** Cr 0.713** 0.641** 0.742 ** 0.571** 0.596** Hg 0.283 0.027 0.073 0.215 0.236 Co 0.723** 0.774** 0.723** 0.654** 0.600** Pb 0.584** 0.477** 0.481** 0.539** 0.507** Sc 0.620** 0.891** 0.558** 0.521** 0.541** Zn 0.078 0.623** 0.658** 0.391** 0.326* Cu 0.393* 0.899** −0.049 0.506** 0.290* 注：“**”表示在 0.01 级别(双尾)相关性显著；“*”表示在 0.05 级别(双尾)相关性显著。
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表 4 表层土壤人为贡献率统计
Table 4. Statistics of anthropogenic contribution rate of surface soil
人为贡献率
数值范围样品数量(件) As Cd Cr Hg Co Pb Sc Zn Cu ACR＞40% 2 398 5 686 0 262 − 18 0 ACR＞60% 0 207 0 56 0 43 − 0 0
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