The Impact of Different Clay Mineral Types on the Irreducible Water Saturation in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Lower Shihezi Formation in Hangjinqi Area, Ordos Basin
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摘要:
现有研究对黏土矿物、孔喉结构和束缚水饱和度关系认识不足，对束缚水饱和度的微观影响因素尚不明确。本文聚焦鄂尔多斯盆地北缘杭锦旗地区锦30井区盒1段致密砂岩储层，探讨黏土矿物类型与含量对束缚水饱和度的影响。在岩心观察基础上，通过X射线衍射分析、高分辨率扫描电镜、铸体薄片分析、一维核磁共振实验和高压压汞实验等多种测试方法，对目的层岩石学特征、黏土矿物类型及产出形态、孔隙结构、束缚水分布展开研究。研究结果显示：①盒1段储层黏土矿物平均含量为18.36%，主要发育高岭石、伊利石、绿泥石和伊/蒙混层等黏土矿物；②不同岩相中黏土矿物的类型存在差异：岩屑石英砂岩中黏土矿物以长石蚀变高岭石为主，发育长石粒内溶孔、高岭石晶间孔；岩屑砂岩以岩屑及杂基蚀变伊利石为主，发育伊利石充填的岩屑粒内溶孔；③束缚水饱和度随黏土矿物总量增加呈增大趋势，伊利石呈丝状发育堵塞孔喉是影响束缚水饱和度分布的主导因素；不同成因高岭石对束缚水分布影响有差异：长石高岭石化形成的高岭石单体排列杂乱且疏松，对应黏土矿物晶间孔隙不发育但长石溶蚀孔较发育，孔隙连通性较好；自生高岭石呈蠕虫状或书页状集合体状分布，相互支撑形成大量微纳米级孔隙，引起束缚水饱和度增加；不同类型黏土矿物分布对束缚水饱和度影响的研究，对致密砂岩储层评与产能预测至关重要。
Abstract:The type and content of clay minerals in tight sandstone reservoirs of the He-1 member in the Jin-30 well area of Hangjinqi in the northern margin of the Ordos Basin have a significant effect on irreducible water saturation. On the basis of core observation, the petrological characteristics, clay mineral types and occurrence forms, pore structure and irreducible water distribution of the target layer by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, casting thin section analysis, one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiment and high-pressure mercury injection experiment were studied. The results show that: (1) The average content of clay minerals in the reservoir is 18.36%, and the clay minerals mainly include kaolinite, illite, chlorite and illite/smectite mixed layers. (2) There are differences in the types of clay minerals in different lithofacies: the clay minerals in lithic quartz sandstone are mainly feldspar altered kaolinite, and feldspar intragranular dissolution pores, and kaolinite intergranular pores are developed. The lithic sandstone is mainly composed of lithic and matrix altered illite, and the intragranular dissolution pores filled with illite are developed. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at
http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202407150157 .-
Key words:
- Ordos Basin /
- tight sandstone /
- clay minerals /
- pore throat structure /
- irreducible water saturation
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表 1 盒1段致密砂岩样品全岩黏土矿物组成及含量
Table 1. Section of compact sandstone: full rock clay mineral composition and content
井号 岩性 黏土矿物含量
（%）石英含量
（%）钾长石含量
（%）斜长石含量
（%）方解石含量
（%）黏土矿物相对含量(%) 高岭石 绿泥石 伊利石 伊/蒙混层 J30-26 含砾粗粒岩屑石英砂岩 7.4 92.6 − − − 27.0 11.0 48.0 14.0 H2 砾质粗粒岩屑石英砂岩 4.1 95.7 − − − 26.0 30.0 34.0 10.0 J30-26 粗-中粒岩屑石英砂岩 15.3 80.9 − − 15.3 11.0 25.0 38.0 26.0 X701 中-粗粒岩屑砂岩 19.1 74.9 − − 6.0 29.0 26.0 24.0 21.0 X7 含砾粗粒岩屑石英砂岩 12.0 88.0 − − − 18.0 43.0 21.0 18.0 H2 中-粗粒岩屑砂岩 21.4 76.0 − − 2.1 10.0 62.0 20.0 8.0 X101 含砾粗粒岩屑砂岩 30.2 69.8 − − − 49.0 27.0 13.0 11.0 X701 含砾粗粒岩屑砂岩 24.8 72.4 − − 2.8 30.0 32.0 26.0 12.0 注：“−”为未检出。 
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