Petrogenesis Research of Basic Rock in the Hongliugou Area of the Altun Orogen Based on Baddeleyite Chronology and Whole-Rock Geochemical Analyses
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摘要:
诸多证据表明阿尔金地块有可能参与了Rodinia超大陆的裂解过程，然而，该地区此前并未见有关板内性质基性-超基性岩体的报道。阿尔金造山带红柳沟地区出露一套基性-超基性岩体，本文采用LA-ICP-MS、XRF、ICP-MS和MC-ICP-MS等技术手段对其中的基性岩组分进行了斜锆石U-Pb定年研究、全岩主量元素、微量元素(包括稀土元素)及Sr-Nd同位素研究。结果表明：基性岩的侵位年龄为748±87Ma，岩石化学属性属于拉班玄武岩。Zr/Sm比值为26～33，Zr/Y比值为3.2～5.5，显示出板内玄武岩的元素特征。La、Ba、Nb、Zr、Th等元素特征显示岩浆源区可能遭受过俯冲流体的改造。全岩主量、微量元素及Sr、Nd同位素测试结果显示该基性岩浆源于软流圈地幔低程度(＜5%)的部分熔融，源区贫石榴石(＜1%)。这些地球化学特征指示阿尔金地区的基性-超基性岩体形成于大陆裂谷环境。与前人在华南和塔里木地区发现的与Rodimia超大陆裂解相关的基性岩相比，本次报道的红柳沟基性岩形成时代相近，岩石地球化学属性类似，很可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解的产物。
Abstract:Previous studies suggest that the Alton Block may have participated in the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent, however, there have been no prior reports of intraplate basic-ultrabasic rock bodies in the region. A suite of basic-ultrabasic rock bodies has been exposed in the Hongliugou area of the Alton Orogen. An integrated analytical approach utilizing LA-ICP-MS, XRF, ICP-MS, and MC-ICP-MS was employed to systematically investigate the mafic components, including baddeleyite U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock major and trace elements (including rare earth elements), and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions. The results indicate a crystallization age of 748±87Ma for the basic rocks, with geochemical characteristics consistent with the tholeiitic basalt. The Zr/Sm ratio ranges from 26 to 33, and the Zr/Y ratio from 3.2 to 5.5, reflecting the elemental characteristics typical of intraplate basalt. The presence of La, Ba, Nb, Zr, and Th suggests that the magma source region may have experienced alteration by subduction-related fluids. Whole-rock major and trace element analyses, along with Sr and Nd isotopic data, indicate that the basic magma originated from low-degree (<5%) partial melting of the aesthenosphere mantle, with a source region characterized by low garnet content (<1%). These geochemical features imply that the basic-ultrabasic rock bodies discovered in the Alton region formed in a continental rift environment. The Hongliugou mafic rocks exhibit robust temporal and geochemical parallels with Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism documented in the South China and Tarim blocks, both of which have been genetically linked to the Rodinia supercontinent breakup. The temporal congruence (~750Ma) and diagnostic intraplate basalt affinities (tholeiitic series with subduction-modified mantle signatures) observed in these rocks strongly support their classification as petrogenetic products of Rodinia’s rifting episodes.
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Key words:
- Altun /
- baddeleyite /
- basic rocks /
- Rodinia /
- LA-ICP-MS
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图 4 北阿尔金红柳沟地区变辉绿玢岩样品21AR13的斜锆石U-Pb分析数据的谐和图，以及斜锆石代表性颗粒的CL图像(图中代表性晶体的CL图像中的圆圈表示LA-ICP-MS分析点位)
Figure 4.
表 1 阿尔金造山带前寒武纪基性-超基性岩浆记录
Table 1. Precambrian basic-ultrabasic magmatic records in the Altun Orogen
构造单元 岩性 年龄(Ma) 分析方法 构造环境
(地化属性)数据来源 北阿尔金俯冲-
增生杂岩带变玄武岩 2270±39 Sm-Nd等时线 OIB 沟口泉幅1∶5万区调报告(2010) 变辉长岩 1932±240 Sm-Nd等时线 / 沟口泉幅1∶5万区调报告(2010) 玄武岩 775±14 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 原特提斯洋初始扩张 赵恒乐等(2011)［20］ 双峰式火山岩 750±5 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 大陆裂谷 刘函等(2012)［21］ 辉绿岩 739±15 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 大陆裂谷 Li等(2020)［22］ 辉绿岩 742±19 SHRIMP斜锆石U-Pb 大陆裂谷 Li等(2020)［22］ 阿中地块 变玄武岩 1818±25 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 蛇绿岩套 沟口泉幅1∶5万区调报告
(2010)斜长岩 1889±27 变辉长岩 1869±27 变辉长岩 1836±40 变辉长岩 1836±46 南阿尔金俯冲-
碰撞杂岩带榴辉岩 780(精度未提供) SHRIMP锆石U-Pb / Li 等(2015)［23］ 中性-镁铁质变质火山岩 763±17(原岩年龄) SHRIMP锆石U-Pb / 张建新等(2015)［24］ 榴辉岩 754±9(原岩年龄) LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb / Liu 等(2007)［25］ 榴辉岩 752±7(原岩年龄) LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb / Liu 等(2012)［26］ 
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表 2 Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素分析方法要点
Table 2. Key points of Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope analytical methods
元素 法拉第杯配置 样品锥和截取锥配置 灵敏度要求 参考物质 质量歧视校正 信号采集 Sr 83Kr+，167Er++，84Sr+，85Rb+，86Sr+，173Yb++，87Sr+，88Sr+ X截取锥和
Jet样品锥NIST SRM 987的88Sr信号应大于 4.0V Sr溶液单标用于仪器调谐，
NIST SRM 987用于监控实验
重复率和精准度88Sr/86Sr内标：8.375209 10 blocks of
10 cycles，
分析时间：～7minNd 142Nd+，143Nd+，144Nd+，145Nd+，146Nd+，147Sm+，148Nd+，149Sm+，150Nd+ H 截取锥和
样品锥JNdi-1的144Nd信号
应大于2.5VNd溶液单标用于仪器调谐，JNdi-1用于监控实验重复率和精准度 146Nd /144Nd内标：0.7219 10 blocks of
10 cycles，
分析时间：～7min
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表 3 红柳沟变辉绿玢岩样品21AR13的LA-ICP-MS斜锆石U-Pb定年分析结果
Table 3. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analytical results for baddeleyite from the Hongliugou metadiabase porphyrite 21AR13
样品编号 测试编号 U含量
(µg/g)Pb含量
(µg/g)207Pb/235U
(比值±1s)206Pb/238U
(比值±1s)207Pb/206Pb
(比值±1s)207Pb/235U年龄
(Ma)±1s206Pb/238U年龄
(Ma) ±1s207Pb/206Pb年龄
(Ma)±1sDisc.
(%)Phalaborwa 002PHA01.D 815 732 6.5632±0.0989 0.3737±0.0051 0.1273±0.0017 2057±15 2046±24 2058±23 0.55 010PHA01.D 805 690 6.7853±0.1055 0.3843±0.0045 0.1270±0.0015 2083±14 2096±21 2055±21 −1.97 018PHA01.D 848 568 6.4918±0.0882 0.3697±0.0045 0.1275±0.0016 2048±14 2028±21 2062±21 1.69 028PHA01.D 829 657 6.6786±0.1418 0.3824±0.0084 0.1271±0.0018 2068±19 2086±39 2056±24 −1.46 PZH 003PZH01.D 1805 134 0.2826±0.0127 0.0391±0.0006 0.0523±0.0019 253±10 247±4 290±80 2.09 011PZH01.D 6479 415 0.2923±0.0113 0.0371±0.0009 0.0569±0.0023 260±9 235±5 482±91 10.83 019PZH01.D 2304 118 0.3002±0.0146 0.0423±0.0011 0.0548±0.0020 266±11 267±7 398±83 −0.30 029PZH01.D 4519 221 0.3218±0.0437 0.0396±0.0025 0.0669±0.0131 282±33 250±15 734±329 12.58 21AR13 004A1301.D 960 173 0.8959±0.0322 0.0990±0.0028 0.0666±0.0021 649±17 608±17 815±66 6.67 005A1302.D 1595 269 0.8842±0.0361 0.0980±0.0025 0.0666±0.0018 642±19 603±15 820±57 6.54 006A1303.D 651 111 0.9251±0.0581 0.0958±0.0044 0.0715±0.0051 663±31 589±26 947±149 12.56 007A1304.D 919 117 0.6993±0.0239 0.0744±0.0008 0.0691±0.0023 538±14 463±5 896±69 16.25 013A1307.D 791 118 0.7965±0.0263 0.0848±0.0027 0.0687±0.0022 594±15 525±16 878±67 13.22 015A1309.D 1516 221 0.8908±0.0538 0.1024±0.0039 0.0650±0.0032 646±29 629±23 771±106 2.81 016A1310.D 746 102 0.9128±0.0733 0.1028±0.0027 0.0680±0.0062 657±39 631±16 847±187 4.16 020A1311.D 2785 394 1.1612±0.0866 0.1281±0.0036 0.0739±0.0085 782±41 777±21 1032±233 0.70 021A1312.D 1221 158 0.7716±0.0337 0.0843±0.0017 0.0673±0.0030 580±19 522±10 834±97 11.15 022A1313.D 1330 191 0.7756±0.0370 0.0885±0.0037 0.0638±0.0026 582±21 546±22 724±85 6.55 025A1316.D 1648 213 0.8343±0.0303 0.0927±0.0021 0.0680±0.0025 615±17 572±12 861±78 7.67 注: Disc.为不谐和度(Discordance)，计算公式为：Disc. (%)=100×([207Pb/206Pb年龄]−[238U /206Pb年龄])/[207Pb/206Pb年龄]。
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表 4 红柳沟变辉绿(玢)岩主量元素含量(%)
Table 4. Whole-rock major elements (%) compositions for the Hongliugou metadiabase porphyrite
主量
元素检出限 辉长岩
标准
GSR-10超镁基岩
标准
DZ∑2辉绿岩Diabase 21AR01 21AR02 21AR03 21AR04 21AR05 21AR06 21AR07 21AR08 21AR09 21AR10 21AR11 21AR13 SiO2 0.01 35.6 37.5 47.8 49.1 46.7 51.8 51.1 50.2 49.8 47.1 49.5 49.5 49.1 47.7 TiO2 0.01 7.66 ＜0.01 1.20 1.24 1.09 1.22 1.19 1.18 1.44 2.98 1.82 1.32 1.31 1.37 Al2O3 0.01 14.2 0.2 13.4 13.9 12.0 12.1 12.5 14.0 15.3 13.1 12.1 14.2 13.9 15.6 Fe2O3 0.01 10.0 5.18 2.44 2.25 2.16 1.81 2.66 2.19 1.99 3.17 2.6 2.09 2.37 1.62 FeO 0.01 13.1 / 13.4 12.4 11.9 10.0 14.6 12.0 10.9 17.5 14.3 11.5 13.0 8.9 MnO 0.01 0.19 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.15 0.1 0.16 0.17 0.13 0.17 0.19 0.14 0.15 MgO 0.01 5.22 38.3 6.2 6.15 5.65 5.97 5.54 7.24 5.42 5.32 3.96 5.35 6.27 4.65 CaO 0.01 9.90 1.79 5.41 4.25 8.95 7.32 2.81 3.08 5.18 2.94 6.58 5.38 4.53 7.49 Na2O 0.01 2.10 0.03 2.74 3.44 2.38 3.44 3.37 3.73 3.10 2.92 2.49 3.20 4.42 3.54 K2O 0.01 0.14 0.01 1.19 1.51 0.78 0.68 1.37 1.00 1.60 2.09 1.49 1.71 1.28 1.63 P2O5 0.01 0.02 ＜0.01 0.11 0.12 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.12 0.11 0.13 LOI 0.01 0.28 14.78 5.96 5.64 8.26 5.51 4.84 5.22 5.05 2.8 4.93 5.40 3.60 7.23 Total / 98.3 97.9 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mg# / / / 28.4 29.9 29.0 34.0 24.6 34.1 29.9 20.8 19.3 28.6 29.3 31.0 注: Mg#=100×[Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+)]。
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表 5 红柳沟变辉绿(玢)岩微量元素含量(µg/g)
Table 5. Whole-rock trace elements (µg/g) compositions for the Hongliugou metadiabase porphyrite
痕量元素 检出限 辉长岩
标准
GSR-10超镁基岩
标准
DZ∑2变辉绿(玢)岩 21AR01 21AR02 21AR03 21AR04 21AR05 21AR06 21AR07 21AR08 21AR09 21AR10 21AR11 21AR13 Cu 0.25 30.8 4.79 16.8 24.5 40.3 13.8 51.7 16.2 29.6 39.9 45.1 234 32.3 269 Pb 0.01 4.65 2.46 7.09 5.09 9.24 8.75 9.69 6.18 7.44 16.20 12.20 6.94 8.48 8.02 Zn 0.03 121 45.3 143 139 129 150 109 108 123 235 190 106 178 250 Cr 0.50 13.2 2700 30.2 36.2 31 24.4 31.8 38.2 37.1 11.5 10.6 21.2 30.1 37.7 Ni 0.33 71.6 2260 49.9 52.2 40.6 31.5 49.4 53.3 56.7 26.6 30.6 32.8 42.0 58.7 Co 0.05 88.7 97.7 62.7 67.7 47.9 52.7 62 53 44.4 70.8 57.1 45.4 53.8 45.9 Cs 0.27 0.14 0.09 1.06 1.32 0.49 0.82 2.75 1.44 1.99 2.41 1.59 2.20 1.61 2.01 Ba 0.12 97.9 10.9 167 304 117 116 171 163 331 277 300 268 194 372 V 0.67 777 23.9 425 429 365 379 423 388 360 685 566 388 480 363 Nb 0.06 8.86 0.36 7.85 8.05 7.06 7.78 7.51 7.02 10.2 11.7 11.8 8.08 7.80 10.5 Ta / 0.69 0.12 1.11 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.74 0.87 1.19 1.15 0.81 0.82 0.89 Zr 0.25 28.8 1.59 99.6 104 89.5 97.7 101 93.1 141 135 153 106 105 143 Hf 0.12 0.74 0.06 2.97 3.02 2.58 2.89 3.04 3.01 4.10 4.08 4.83 3.46 3.23 4.17 Be 0.01 1.02 0.02 0.76 0.89 0.64 0.85 0.76 0.70 1.16 1.54 1.16 0.82 0.8 0.79 Ga 0.01 22.9 0.46 20.5 19.2 17.0 17.0 17.3 18.2 22.3 23.2 21.1 18.1 19.8 22.8 Ge 0.01 1.05 0.62 1.40 1.09 1.44 1.53 1.44 1.58 1.35 1.99 1.93 1.23 1.36 1.27 U 0.25 0.07 0.32 0.89 1.01 0.98 0.93 0.9 1.08 1.41 2.05 1.62 1.23 1.06 1.43 Th 0.01 0.31 0.16 3.71 3.76 3.3 3.31 3.23 3.66 4.98 4.43 5.89 4.09 3.96 5.09 La 0.01 1.95 0.24 17.1 11.9 13.0 12.4 11.6 11.4 18.2 15.3 18.3 13.8 12.7 18.2 Ce 0.01 4.35 0.45 31.8 24.7 25.7 25.3 23.3 24.4 35.9 29.5 41.1 27.9 24.9 36.5 Pr 0.01 0.87 0.05 4.37 3.31 3.52 3.46 3.40 3.33 5.15 4.15 5.52 4.06 3.40 5.25 Nd 0.01 4.15 0.21 14.1 13.2 13.2 13.000 11.9 12.4 19.4 15.4 20.6 14.8 12.7 18.6 Sm 0.00 1.28 0.03 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.33 3.12 3.47 5.24 4.24 5.30 4.12 3.20 4.52 Eu 0.01 0.81 0.01 1.61 1.17 1.01 1.08 0.98 1.05 1.47 1.43 1.62 1.18 1.19 1.21 Gd 0.00 1.43 0.35 4.72 4.34 4.26 5.07 4.08 4.52 5.99 5.60 6.83 5.31 4.37 5.30 Tb 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.91 0.85 0.80 0.78 0.72 0.82 1.01 0.96 1.28 0.95 0.83 0.87 Dy 0.00 1.24 0.03 5.67 5.82 5.51 4.90 4.90 5.64 6.40 7.08 8.66 6.22 5.88 5.24 Ho 0.00 0.23 0.01 1.18 1.12 1.12 0.98 1.04 1.10 1.20 1.43 1.71 1.24 1.20 1.03 Er 0.00 0.49 0.01 3.74 3.55 3.66 3.18 3.44 3.66 3.76 4.36 5.60 3.95 3.89 3.12 Tm 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.55 0.52 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.61 0.81 0.54 0.52 0.39 Yb 0.00 0.39 0.01 3.65 3.56 3.56 3.37 3.59 3.58 3.51 4.80 5.62 3.72 3.99 2.88 Lu 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.57 0.58 0.53 0.54 0.53 0.56 0.48 0.70 0.87 0.58 0.58 0.41 Y 0.01 5.59 0.17 31.30 29.20 27.90 24.30 22.80 26.30 28.80 31.60 42.30 29.70 28.30 25.80
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表 6 阿尔金微陆块北侧红柳沟地区变辉绿(玢)岩全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 6. Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic data for the Hongliugou metadiabase porphyrite in northern Altun microcontinent
同位素组成参数 变辉绿(玢)岩 21AR05 21AR08 21AR11 87Rb/86Sr 1.8041 1.6348 1.6142 87Sr/86Sr 0.7306689 0.7256859 0.7232916 2σ 7.983×10−6 9.203×10−6 1.022×10−5 ISr (t) 0.71031 0.70724 0.70508 147Sm/144Nd 0.1651 0.1734 0.1587 143Nd/144Nd 0.5124881 0.5124391 0.5124685 2σ 1.816×10−5 1.051×10−5 1.475×10−5 TDM (Ma) 1826 2287 1692 143Nd/144Nd(t) 0.5116191 0.5116191 0.5116191 εNd(t) 0.94 −0.82 1.19 注：(1) ISr(t)=87Sr/86Sr-87Rb/86Sr×(eλT−1), λRb=1.42×10−11a−1; (2) εNd(t)={[143Nd/144Nd-147Sm/144Nd×(eλT−1)]/[143Nd/144Nd]CHUR(0)-(147Sm/144Nd)CHUR(0)×(eλT−1)}−1}×104, λSm=6.54×10−12a−1; (143Nd/144Nd)CHUR(0)=0.512638; (147Sm/144Nd)CHUR(0)=0.1967; (3) T=750Ma, representing intrusive age of the Hongliugou mafic rocks.
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