THE HOLE D219 AND THE LATE QUARTERNARY PALEOGEOGRAPHIC ENVIORMENTS
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摘要:
对渤海湾北部D219孔岩心样品进行了沉积地层学、生物地层学和年代地层学分析测试,将该孔自上而下划分为海相—滨海相、陆相、海相、陆相4个地层,按单井划相方法阐述了本区晚第四纪层序沉积历史。39 ka BP所处的时期相当于献县海侵,本区的陆地平原被淹没;23 ka BP海水退出渤海,本区又成为陆地;8~9 ka BP(或8.5 ka BP)海水再次侵入本区至今。以D219孔为主,与本区30余孔进行对照认为,本区在全新世海侵前是低缓平原,东西向总坡度约1.7‰,其上分布南堡和歧口两古河道系统。前者河宽小、曲率小,是流量较小的平原河系;后者河宽大、曲流汊道多,是流量较大的自SW向NE流的河系。
Abstract:Lithological, biological and chronological stratigraphic studies are carried out for the hole D219 which is located at the northern Bohai Bay. The deposits of the hole may be divided into four sets, i.e. marine-littoral facies, continental facies, marine facies and continental facies again in a descending order. Single well facies analysis reveals that seawater invaded into the northern Bohai Bay at 39 ka BP, corresponding to the Xian Country Transgression. It then retreated from the Bohai Sea at 23 ka BP. Around 8.5 ka BP the research area was covered by seawater again. Based on the data from D219 and another 30 boreholes, it is concluded that the northern Bohai Bay was a plain in Late Quaternary with two paleochannel systems. The topographic gradient of the plain is no more than 1.7‰. The Nanpu River was small, but the Qikou River flowing from southwest to northeast was a meandering river with high discharge and multiple branches.
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Key words:
- northern Bohai Bay /
- Late Quaternary /
- quaternary strata /
- ancient landform /
- paleochannel
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图 4 A—A’钻孔联合剖面图(剖面位置见图 1)
Figure 4.
表 1 渤海湾北部全新世海侵底界面高程统计
Table 1. Holocene initial transgression boundaries in boreholes
孔号 位置 孔口高程/m 海相层底界面高程/m 确定界面主要依据 纬度/N 经度/E D219 38°56′10.3″ 118°17′09.2″ -19.7 -30.5 ①(9 310±120)⑤⑥ C1317 38°35′ 119°06′ -23.8 -33.9 ⑤⑦ C89 38°48′ 49″ 119°10′07″ -27.5 -38.95 ⑤ H155 38°39′11″ 117°32′15″ 3.7 -14.3 ①(8 830±130)⑤⑧ 上13 38°47′11″ 117°34′05″ 2.6 -14.4 ①(9 010±90)⑤⑧ 上17 38°53′47″ 117°34′46″ 2.8 -12.2 ⑤⑦⑧ 上14 38°50′14″ 117°31′56″ 2.8 -17 ⑤⑧ D165 38°49′30″ 118°06′04.6″ -18.05 -25.05 ③④⑧ D16 38°58′34″ 118°08′43″ -12.9 -23.25 ②⑧ D846 38°42′29″ 118°12′11″ -17.8 -25 ②③④ D816 38°45′04″ 118°16′ 33″ -21.6 -27.6 ②③④ D826 38° 48′56″ 118°19′39″ -29.4 -41.0 ②③④ D146A 38°35′54″ 118°10′04″ -16.3 -29.6 ②⑦ D1426 38°38′08″ 118°17′26″ -17.6 -23.6 ②③④ R1816 38°39′30″ 117°57′38″ -12.05 -22 ②③④ R1818 38°39′41″ 117°59′36″ -12.8 -23.1 ②③④ R1826D 38°36′53″ 117°55′24″ -10.5 -23.5 ②⑦ R1726 38°37′57″ 117°47′44 ″ -7 -22 ②③④ R1716 38°35′56.9″ 117°48′25″ -7.6 -21.6 ②⑦ RS6 38°37′28″ 117°41′49″ -6.3 -18.1 ①(9 870±110)⑦ TK6 39°12′28.87″ 118°11′29″ 1.7 -13.5 ①(8 785±150)⑤ TK65 39°07′59″ 118°22′59″ 1.7 -10.5 ①(9 080±235)⑤ D416 38°50′12″ 118°33′41″ -29.5 -42.5 ②⑤ D166 38°49′31″ 118°06′05″ -17.7 -24.9 ②⑧ A175 38°59′55″ 117°43′18″ 3.53 -15.3 ①⑧ O35255 39°03′08″ 118°50′01″ -7.1 -16.45 ①(8 650±200)⑤ O3526 39°03′51″ 118°54′49″ -13.4 -21.75 ①⑤ R3236 39°05′30″ 119°10′18″ -21.2 -25.7 ⑦⑧ R3116 39°05′33.4″ 119°03′39″ -21.9 -27.7 ⑧ S29 38°57′40″ 118°47′39″ 4.7 -19.24 ①⑤ D556 38°59′04″ 118°47′48″ -21 -29.3 ②③④ 注:全新统不整合底界面确定依据:①界面下伏14C年龄;② B声学层底界;③古河道充填层顶面;④古河间地硬土层顶面;⑤海相有孔虫层底界;⑥滨海相底砾层底界;⑦含贝壳和贝壳碎屑层的底界;⑧青灰色粉砂质层与下伏黄褐色土层分界 表 2 渤海湾北部全新世海侵前古河段特征统计表
Table 2. Characteristic parameters of the paleochannels in northern Bohai Bay before Holocene transgression
河段名称 纬度/N经度/E 古河道宽/m 河段长/m 河道切深/m 河水流向 宽深比 河底坡度/‰ 河面比降/‰ 悬移质含量 曲率 流量/ (m3/s) D219 38°56′10.3″ N 118°17′09.2″E 80 1 000 6 W—SE 13.3 13.72 1.74 487.50 D16 38°58′34″ N 118°08′43″E 80 800 5 N—S 16 11.56 1.66 431.52 R1726 38°37′57″ N 117°47′44 ″E 800 1 200 6 NW—SE 133 0.8 0.8 1.63 0.93 3872.36 R1816 38°39′30″ N 117°57′38″E 230 400 4 SW—NE 57.5 3.54 1.17 963.41 R1818 38°39′41″ N 117°59′36″E 120 1 800 6 S—N—E 20 0.1 0.58 9.40 1.56 701.04 D165 38°49′29.99″N 118°06′04.59″E 190 2 500 8 S—N 23.75 0.4 1.2 8.02 1.49 1281.79 D1426 38°37′22.34″N 118°19′41.79″E 250 1 200 6.5 W—S 38.46 5.13 1.31 1430.80 D846B 38°42′29.46″N 118°12′11.26″E 100 800 6.5 SW—NE 15.38 3.75 1.25 11.99 1.67 627.35 D816 38°45′04.45″N 118°16′32.76″E 300 1 400 4 W—S 400 1.43 1.43 0.59 0.69 405.37 注:(1)部分古河道水文参数依①F=W/D=225M-1.08;②P=3.5F-0.27。(3)Q=2.89W1.56/F0.66计算。公式中W为河宽;D为切深;F为河道宽深比;M为悬移质含量;P为弯曲率;Q为河流年平均流量[11-12, 15-17]。(2)河段名称即钻孔名,见图 1 -
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