CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE SANSHA BAY AND RISK EVALUATION
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摘要:
利用气相色谱/质谱方法对三沙湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行测定，结果表明，PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的含量均值分别为1.28、61.76和1.18 ng/g。与早期研究结果相比，PCBs含量浓度明显降低，表明其污染已得到有效控制；PAHs中高分子量组分普遍存在，通过分析菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值，判断其主要来源为燃料的高温燃烧；HCHs和DDTs是主要的有机氯农药污染物，二者的残留特征表明其主要来源为早期历史残留，且表层沉积物受到厌氧微生物降解。总体而言，三沙湾表层沉积物中PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平。
Abstract:PCBs、PAHs and OCPs were measured by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the surface sediments collected from the Sansha Bay.The results showed that the concentrations of PCBs、PAHs and OCPs were 1.28、61.76 and 1.18 ng/g respectively.Compared with the research results earlier, PCBs content decreased obviously.It means that the pollution state of PCBs had been controlled effectively.According to the ratio of P/A and Fl/Py, the release from combustion of fuel was one of the most major sources of PAHs in this area.HCHs and DDTs were the main pollutants in OCPs.Source analysis suggests that HCHs and DDTs were mainly from historical residues of early usage, and DDTs were decomposed by anaerobic microbial degradation in surface sediment.In conclusion, the concentration of PCBs、PAHs and OCPs suggest that the potential risk of environmental pollution was low in the Sansha Bay for the time being.
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表 1 表层沉积物中多氯联苯的组成及含量
Table 1. Composition and concentrations of PCBs in surface sediments
/(ng/g) PCBs 采样站位 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 S06 S07 S08 S09 S10 S11 PCB28 nd nd 0.06 0.03 nd 0.03 nd nd nd 0.04 nd PCB52 nd nd 0.14 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd PCB77 0.36 0.30 nd 0.23 nd 0.29 0.21 0.17 0.18 0.17 nd PCB101 0.01 nd nd nd nd 0.02 nd nd nd 0.02 nd PCB105 nd 0.02 nd nd 0.02 nd nd nd nd nd nd PCB114 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.02 nd 0.02 nd nd nd nd nd PCB138 0.53 2.69 nd 2.24 0.66 1.31 0.54 0.90 0.80 0.78 0.92 PCB156 nd 0.02 nd 0.13 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd PCB169 nd nd nd 0.02 nd 0.02 nd nd nd nd nd PCB189 nd nd nd 0.03 nd nd 0.02 nd nd nd nd ∑PCBs 0.98 3.05 0.23 2.70 0.68 1.69 0.76 1.07 0.98 1.01 0.92 注：nd表示未检出，下同。因PCB118、PCB123、PCB126、PCB153、PCB167、PCB180在所有样品中均未检出，故数据未列在表中。 
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表 2 其他海域表层沉积物中多氯联苯的含量
Table 2. Mass concentrations of PCBs in surface sediments in other sea areas
/(ng/g)
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表 3 表层沉积物中多环芳烃的组成及含量
Table 3. Composition and concentrations of PAHs in surface sediments
/(ng/g) PAHs 采样站位 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 S06 S07 S08 S09 S10 S11 萘 0.37 2.55 3.23 2.34 2.41 2.79 3.14 2.48 2.94 2.32 1.60 苊 0.04 0.20 0.12 0.23 0.10 0.18 0.09 0.17 nd 0.17 0.14 二氢苊 nd 1.75 0.55 0.26 nd 0.5 0.28 0.21 0.63 0.13 0.10 芴 nd 6.61 1.08 1.08 0.66 1.04 0.66 5.00 5.19 0.60 0.58 菲 1.15 43.03 3.13 5.79 2.31 3.49 2.63 17.75 18.16 3.85 2.82 蒽 0.19 2.01 0.38 0.85 0.26 0.56 0.39 0.40 0.88 0.47 0.42 荧蒽 1.55 61.56 4.38 8.53 3.65 5.13 4.03 6.63 6.68 6.76 5.20 芘 1.15 50.65 3.60 6.75 3.93 4.02 3.23 7.10 7.46 9.11 4.45 苯并(a)蒽 0.55 19.22 2.01 4.20 1.34 2.71 2.36 2.25 2.40 3.12 2.37 屈 0.97 33.41 2.2 4.89 1.61 3.21 2.26 2.71 2.93 5.07 2.71 苯并(b)荧蒽 1.14 42.25 nd 1.39 nd 4.51 3.00 4.22 nd 2.77 4.52 苯并(k)荧蒽 nd 2.89 1.02 1.85 0.90 nd nd nd 1.47 1.30 nd 苯并(a)芘 0.79 22.36 1.05 3.11 0.67 2.56 1.48 1.43 1.58 2.32 1.80 茚苯(1, 2, 3-cd)芘 nd 10.59 nd nd nd nd nd 025 nd nd nd 二苯并(a, h)蒽 nd 1.19 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 苯并(g, h, i)苝 0.51 15.35 1.32 2.87 0.65 2.86 1.36 1.55 1.65 2.16 1.77 ∑PAHs 8.42 352.97 24.07 44.13 18.49 33.55 24.91 52.13 51.99 40.16 28.48
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表 4 表层沉积物中有机氯农药的组成及含量
Table 4. Composition and concentrations of OCPs in surface sediments
/(ng/g) OCPs 采样站位 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 S06 S07 S08 S09 S10 S11 α-HCH 0.01 nd 0.02 0.02 nd 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 β-HCH 0.08 0.21 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.20 0.25 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.05 γ-HCH nd nd 0.02 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd δ-HCH nd nd 0.02 nd nd nd nd nd 0.01 0.11 0.02 ∑HCH 0.09 0.21 0.13 0.09 0.16 0.22 0.26 0.35 0.39 0.52 0.10 p, p'-DDE 0.12 0.22 0.11 0.16 0.01 0.20 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.04 0.19 p, p'-DDD 0.79 0.45 0.20 0.45 0.07 0.59 0.37 0.28 0.37 0.24 0.34 p, p'-DDT 0.37 0.09 nd 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.04 nd 0.03 nd nd ∑DDT 1.28 0.76 0.31 0.71 0.11 0.87 0.49 0.42 0.55 0.28 0.53 其他含氯农药总量 0.28 0.43 0.85 0.29 0.01 0.74 0.04 0.15 0.22 0.88 0.24 ∑OCPs 1.65 1.40 1.29 1.09 0.28 1.83 0.79 0.92 1.16 1.68 0.87 注：∑HCH、∑DDT、∑OCPs分别代表六六六类农药总量、滴滴涕类农药总量和有机氯农药总量。
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表 5 研究区表层沉积物中OCPs与ERL及ERM值比较
Table 5. Comparisons of OCPs in the surface sediments from Sansha Bay with ERL and ERM
化合物 ERL /(ng/g) ERM /(ng/g) 沉积物中农药浓度/(ng/g) ＜ERL的比例/% ERL—ERM的比例/% ＞ERM的比例/% DDT 1.0 7.0 nd~0.37 100 0 0 DDD 2.0 20.0 0.07~0.79 100 0 0 DDE 2.2 27.0 0.01~0.22 100 0 0 DDTs 1.58 46.1 0.11~1.28 100 0 0 HCHs 3.0 12 000 0.09~0.52 100 0 0
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