SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE AREA SURROUNDING MIAODAO ISLANDS AND ITS RESPONSE TO SUMME TIDE
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摘要:
根据庙岛海峡附近海域6个站位的大潮和小潮期海流资料和悬浮泥沙浓度等实测资料，分析了庙岛海峡附近海域悬浮泥沙时空分布及变化规律，并初步探讨了潮流对悬浮泥沙浓度的影响。结果表明，在水平方向上，庙岛海峡处悬浮泥沙浓度较大，周边深水区浓度较小；在垂向上，悬浮泥沙浓度呈现从表层至底层逐渐增加的规律。在时间序列上，研究区悬浮泥沙浓度大潮期较大，小潮期较小；悬浮泥沙浓度随时间呈现明显的周期性变化，大潮期悬浮泥沙浓度变化周期主要集中在6~8 h，小潮期各站均存在4~6 h和6~8 h两类尺度变化周期。悬浮泥沙浓度随着潮流流速的增大而增加，但是悬浮泥沙浓度的最大值较流速峰值存在1~2 h的滞后；由于再悬浮作用、水体层化和表中层落淤的原因，悬浮泥沙浓度对流速的响应表现为底层对高流速的响应比较明显，表层对低流速的响应比较明显。
Abstract:Data of suspended sediment concentration and spring and neap tidal fluctuation are collected at 6 stations in the vicinity of the Miaodao Strait. Temporal and spatial distribution and variation in suspended sediment are studied. Upon the basis, we discussed the influence of tidal current onto the concentration of suspended matter. The results show that the concentration of suspended sediment is quite high in the Strait, but lower in the deepwater area surrounding the strait in horizontal direction. The suspended concentration gradually increases from the surface to the bottom and decreases from spring to neap tide. The variation of the concentration of suspended sediment has an obvious periodic pattern with time. In spring tide, the change mainly happened on 6-8 h, while in neap tide there are two kinds of cycle happened at 4-6 h and 6-8 h respectively. The concentration of suspended matter increases with increasing flow velocity. However, the maximum concentration of suspended sediment is 1-2 hours behind the peak value of current. Owing to the resuspension, water stratification and deposition in surface layer, the response of suspended sediment concentration to the flow velocity is in a specific manner. It is obviously responding to high flow velocity in the bottom layer, but to low velocity in the surface layer.
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表 1 大潮期各站涨、落潮段平均流速垂向分布
Table 1. Vertical distribution of average velocity for flood and ebb tide in a spring tide
站位 涨潮流速/(cm/s) 落潮流速/(cm/s) 表层 0.2H 0.4H 0.6H 0.8H 底层 表层 0.2H 0.4H 0.6H 0.8H 底层 1# 43.7 43.9 29.7 21.5 16.9 13.6 28.5 23.4 18.9 17.3 14.6 11.7 2# 32.9 25.8 21.9 22.6 19.1 14.3 20.6 17.3 33.5 15.9 13.6 9.9 3# 66.1 67.1 57.1 52.3 43.8 33.6 84.3 78.8 72.6 60.8 54.5 43.6 4# 28.9 26.3 25.6 23.4 18 13.2 60.3 60.8 58.5 53 45.3 29.2 5# 36.6 46.5 51.3 58.2 56.2 37.3 19.3 22 35.3 36 5 11.7 6# 82.3 92.3 91.3 82.3 71 54 106 89.3 80.3 61.3 67 46.7 
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表 2 小潮各站涨、落潮段平均流速垂向分布
Table 2. Vertical distribution of average velocity for flood and ebb tide in a neap tide
站位 涨潮流速/(cm/s) 落潮流速/(cm/s) 表层 0.2H 0.4H 0.6H 0.8H 底层 表层 0.2H 0.4H 0.6H 0.8H 底层 1# 21.9 29.2 30.1 28.8 23.2 16.8 52.4 55.3 52.7 42.1 33.7 25.6 2# 5.3 7.4 6.5 6.5 9.5 8.1 23.4 20.6 16.5 16.6 14.1 13 3# 46.9 46.9 40.1 31.1 23.4 18.8 31.8 30.8 32.2 34.7 28.7 25.1 4# 31.4 24.6 17.7 31.6 27.1 18.2 47 38 35.3 31.1 26.7 19.8 5# 59.4 57.3 56.6 50.9 45.6 35.8 28.5 21.5 13.3 12.3 10.7 12.2 6# 68.1 61.7 37.9 26.6 25 19.9 28.3 17.3 29.3 28.7 27.3 20.7
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表 3 各站大朝和小潮垂向平均悬浮泥沙浓度统计表
Table 3. The vertical average maximum sediment concentration in spring/neap tide
站位 涨潮/(mg/L) 落潮/(mg/L) 大潮 小潮 大潮 小潮 1# 29.2 16.6 30.3 14.2 2# 23.6 18.4 23.7 14.5 3# 25.6 15.5 20.5 16.2 4# 19.5 16 23.3 20.8 5# 20.6 14.1 19.8 13.1 6# 43.9 16.9 38.1 14.6
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