SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING BASED ON PRESTACK DEPTH MIGRATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE PEARL RIVER MOUTH BASIN
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摘要:
以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷二维多道地震数据为重点研究对象，开展了地震数据的叠前深度偏移处理及综合分析研究，结果表明：(1)在经过多次速度迭代之后，深度域地震剖面上断面、断点归位较时间偏移剖面更准确，尤其是中深部结构构造更为清晰，剖面整体视觉简洁，残余绕射、反射减少，成像质量明显提高。基于叠前深度偏移剖面的深度域特点，其具有比时间域剖面更明确的地质意义，即可以更直观显示更丰富的地层、构造信息，极有利于地震剖面的地质解释及层序地层学分析工作。(2)随着南海北部珠江口盆地油气勘探程度的提高，勘探目标逐渐由显型构造圈闭向岩性地层等隐蔽型圈闭转变，勘探难度越来越大，已有的区域地质调查地震资料以时间偏移处理为主，在成像、断层归位、分辨率和信噪比等方面均存在严重不足，难以满足目前油气勘探实践工作之需要。因此，在研究区开展基于叠前深度偏移等新技术的应用及其研究尤为重要。
Abstract:In this study, 2D multi-channel seismic data from the Huizhou Depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin is used for prestack depth migration processing. The results are as follows: (1) After multiple iterations of speed, the break point homing of the depth domain profile is more accurate than the time migration profile, especially the structure of the middle and deep parts is more clear, the overall visual appearance of the profile becomes simple, the residual diffraction and reflection are reduced, and the image quality is obviously improved. Based on the characteristics of the depth domain of the prestack depth migration profile, it has a more definite geological implication than the time domain profile, and can more intuitively display the stratigraphic and structural information, which is conducive to the geological interpretation of seismic profiles; (2) With the deepening of exploration of oil and gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin in South China Sea, the exploration targets have gradually changed from structural traps to lithological and stratigraphic traps. The difficulty of exploration is obviously increased. Seismic data from existing regional geological surveys are mainly based on time migration. They are deficient in imaging, fault location, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio, and difficult to meet the actual needs in exploration. As one of the most important petroleum-bearing basins in the South China Sea, the Pearl River Mouth Basin is particularly important to carry out seismic exploration upon new technology such as pre-stack depth migration.
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