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调水调沙影响下黄河口泥沙异重流过程

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李庆余, 王爱美, 吴晓, 涂德耀, 王厚杰. 调水调沙影响下黄河口泥沙异重流过程[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2021, 37(8): 52-63. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2020.114
引用本文: 李庆余, 王爱美, 吴晓, 涂德耀, 王厚杰. 调水调沙影响下黄河口泥沙异重流过程[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2021, 37(8): 52-63. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2020.114
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LI Qingyu, WANG Aimei, WU Xiao, TU Deyao, WANG Houjie. WATER AND SEDIMENT REGULATION OF THE YELLOW RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON HYPERPYCNAL FLOW IN THE ESTUARY[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2021, 37(8): 52-63. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2020.114
Citation: LI Qingyu, WANG Aimei, WU Xiao, TU Deyao, WANG Houjie. WATER AND SEDIMENT REGULATION OF THE YELLOW RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON HYPERPYCNAL FLOW IN THE ESTUARY[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2021, 37(8): 52-63. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2020.114
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调水调沙影响下黄河口泥沙异重流过程

  • 1.

    中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院，青岛 266100

  • 2.

    海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室，青岛 266100

  • 基金项目: 国家杰出青年科学基金“现代黄河入海沉积物从源到汇的关键沉积动力过程”（41525021）
详细信息
    作者简介: 李庆余（1995—），男，在读硕士，主要从事海洋沉积学方面的研究工作. E-mail：liqingyu1018@outlook.com
    通讯作者: 王厚杰（1972—），男，博士，教授，主要从事近海沉积动力学方面的研究工作. E-mail：hjwang@ouc.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P736.21

WATER AND SEDIMENT REGULATION OF THE YELLOW RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON HYPERPYCNAL FLOW IN THE ESTUARY

  • 1.

    College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China., Qingdao 266100, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 利用黄河干流大型水库进行调水调沙，在短期内将大量沉积物快速输送入海，是河口泥沙异重流触发的重要窗口期。根据2010年调水调沙期间黄河口沉积动力现场观测资料，建立覆盖整个渤海海域的ROMS数学模型，以黄河利津站逐日水沙数据和海域潮汐、风场数据作为模型驱动条件，模拟调水调沙期间的河口泥沙异重流发育过程。模拟结果显示，在没有大风扰动的情况下，河流入海悬沙浓度>29.0 kg/m3时会在河口产生高密度泥沙异重流。黄河冲淡水携带大量悬浮物从河口流出后，与海水迅速混合，在潮流影响下，冲淡水舌随时间由西北向东南偏转，输运至莱州湾西侧。淡水和沉积物主要以表层羽状流和底层异重流形式输运：表层羽状流扩展范围较大，输运路径为河口西北方向—远岸（河口东北区域）—莱州湾西侧；底层异重流扩散范围较小，输运路径为河口西北方向—河口沿岸（东）—莱州湾西侧。河口泥沙异重流生消和水体垂向结构存在周期性变化特征：落潮时段异重流发育较好，水体层化增强；涨潮时段异重流逐渐消亡，水体混合增强。估算出黄河口清水沟清8叉流路主泓区内水体由河口径流、潮汐应变和潮汐搅动引起的势能变化率，其中潮汐应变和潮汐搅动起主导作用，比河口径流引起的势能变化率高出2～3个数量级（102～103）。

    Using large reservoirs on the mainstream of the Yellow River to adjust water and sediment, or so-called water and sediment regulation, will transport a huge amount of sediment into the sea in a very short time. It is an important window period to trigger the hyperpycnal flow in the estuary. This paper is devoted to the forming process of the estuarine hyperpycnal flow with daily water and sediment data from the Lijin station and the tide and wind field data from the sea in addition to laboratory simulations. The research has reached following conclusions. The hyperpycnal flow will be formed when the suspended sediment concentration of the runoff input exceeds 29.0 kg/m3. Under the influence of the tidal current, the moving direction of the diluted water tongue shifts from northwest to southeast over time, and ends on the west side of Laizhou Bay. The surface plume has a wider influence range, and the transportation path goes from the northwest of the estuary-remote bank (northeast area of the estuary) up to the west side of Laizhou Bay with less suspended matter carried and the suspended matter can hardly be transported to Laizhou Bay. The bottom hyperpycnal flow moves from the northwest of the estuary to the west along the estuary (east) with a small amount of suspended solids reached at the Laizhou Bay. Factors influencing the water structure mainly include runoff injection, tidal strain and stirring, among which the tidal strain and stirring is 2～3 order in magnitude (102～103) higher than the runoff injection.

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  • 图 1  模拟区域水深和观测站点设置

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  模拟区域网格分布图

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  利津水文站逐日水沙数据

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  不同分潮的同潮图

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  预报水位（黑色散点）与模拟水位（红色曲线）比对图

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  模式计算表层、底层潮流流速、流向与实测潮流流速、流向对比图

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  模式与实测温度、盐度拟合关系

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  M1站垂向温度、盐度和悬沙浓度随时间变化

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  7月10日8时至13时M1站水体温度、盐度、悬沙浓度和流速的垂向剖面图

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  7月10日9时至11时表层温度、盐度、悬沙浓度和流速水平分布

    Figure 10. 

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    图 11  7月10日9时至11时底层温度、盐度、悬沙浓度和流速水平分布

    Figure 11. 

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    图 12  7月10日8时至13时垂向平均Ri数和梯度Ri数随时间变化

    Figure 12. 

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    图 13  7月10日8时至13时M1站水体势能函数各参数随时间变化

    Figure 13. 

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收稿日期:  2020-07-27
刊出日期:  2021-08-28

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