SEISMIC REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOGENE CARBONATE PLATFORMS IN THE XISHA SEA AREA AND THEIR CONTROLLING FACTORS
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摘要:
利用西沙海域最新采集的高分辨率二维地震资料及钻井资料，结合前人研究成果，建立了西沙海区高精度层序地层格架；并在西沙海区新近纪识别出点礁、塔礁、台地边缘礁和环礁这4种不同类型生物礁，总结了不同生物礁的地震反射特征。早中新世时，西沙碳酸盐岩台地开始发育，台地数量较少且规模有限；中中新世，随着海平面的持续上升，海平面上升速率和碳酸盐岩的生长速率接近，此时碳酸盐岩台地发育规模达到最大；晚中新世以后，海平面继续上升，海平面上升速率远大于碳酸盐岩的生长速率，随着水深的快速增加，台地进入淹没阶段，不适合碳酸盐岩台地及生物礁发育，仅在部分构造高部位继续发育，生物礁主要为大型的环礁。控制西沙碳酸盐岩台地发育的影响因素为构造作用和相对海平面变化。
Abstract:Based on the latest acquired high resolution 2D seismic data, drilling data, and combined with previous research results in the Xisha area of northern South China Sea, the sequence stratigraphic framework is established by this paper, and four different types of reef, i.e. the point reef, tower reef, platform edge reef and atolls reef, are identified. Upon the basis, seismic reflection characteristics of different kinds of reefs are summarized. It is revealed that carbonate platforms began to develop from Early Miocene, when the platforms were few and limited in scale. During Middle Miocene, the sea level continuously kept rising. When the sea level rise rate was closed to the growth rate of carbonate platforms, carbonate platforms reached their maximum in both number and scale. The sea level continued to rise after Late Miocene, and the sea level rise rate was much greater than the growth rate of carbonate platform. With the rapid increase in water depth, the platform was then submerged. It was no longer suitable for the development of carbonate platform excluding some local highlands, and atolls surrounding them. Facts demonstrate that tectonic movement and relative sea-level changes are the main factors predominating the development of carbonate platforms in the Xisha area.
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Key words:
- carbonate platform /
- reef /
- tectonic movement /
- relative sea-level /
- Xisha sea area
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