Evaluation of heavy metal pollution and their magnetic indicators in beach surface sediments in Rizhao City
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摘要:
研究区域为山东省南部日照市涛雒镇海滩,对其表层沉积物中7种重金属元素(Cr、Ni、V、Fe、Zn、Co、Pb)的含量进行测试,并使用地累积指数法对其污染状况进行了评估;同时对表层沉积物的磁学参数进行原位磁化率和室内磁学参数测试。结果表明,研究区域整体污染情况较轻,各重金属元素均轻度污染或无污染,重金属污染源主要为河口及海滩排污口。野外体积磁化率和室内质量磁化率分布特征与重金属含量分布特征一致,磁性颗粒的晶粒类型为多畴(MD),磁性矿物类型为亚铁磁性矿物。通过室内质量磁化率与重金属含量的高度正相关性,建立了研究区域重金属污染的磁学诊断方法。
Abstract:Seven heavy metal elements (Cr, Ni, V, Fe, Zn, Co, Pb) are tested for the surface sediments of the Taoluo Town beach, Rizhao City, southern Shandong Province. The geoaccumulation index method is adopted to evaluate the pollution status by heavy metals. At the same time, Both the in-situ magnetic susceptibility (
) and indoor magnetic parameters tests are carried out with the magnetic parameters of the surface sediments. The results show that the overall pollution situation of the study area is quite weak, all are non-polluted or lightly polluted by heavy metal elements, and the sources of heavy metal pollution occur mainly in estuaries and on beaches. The distribution characteristics of the field volume magnetic susceptibility κ and indoor mass magnetic susceptibility$ \mathrm{\kappa } $ are consistent with the distribution pattern of heavy metal content. The grain type of magnetic particles is multi-domain (MD), and the magnetic minerals are dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals. Based on the high positive correlation between χ and heavy metal content, a magnetic diagnostic method for heavy metal pollution in the study area is proposed.$ \mathrm{\chi } $ -
Key words:
- environmental magnetism /
- heavy metals /
- pollution assessment /
- surface sediment /
- beach /
- Rizhao City
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表 1 重金属污染程度分级
Table 1. Heavy metal pollution degree classification
范围
污染程度 无污染 轻度污染 偏中度污染 中度污染 偏重污染 重污染 严重污染 表 2 重金属污染评价背景值
Table 2. Background value for heavy metal pollution evaluation
重金属名称 Cr Ni V Fe Zn Co Pb 背景值/(μg/g) 57.1 24.3 74.7 29120 64.6 12.1 26.8 表 3 涛雒镇海滩表层沉积物重金属含量
Table 3. Heavy metal contents in surface sediments of Taoluo Beach
点位 重金属含量/(μg/g) Cr Ni V Fe Zn Co Pb 日照涛雒镇海滩 P1-2 92 36 118 39501 88 15.5 26 P1-4 95 38 127 41339 90 14.7 27 P2-2 90 34 105 37574 87 14.7 25 P2-5 90 35 107 37795 86 14.7 25 P3-1 102 46 154 48817 94 18.2 33 P3-5 90 35 109 38187 90 14.3 26 P4-1 120 62 195 67327 103 19.3 46 P4-4 89 35 113 38755 88 15.9 26 P5-1 112 55 187 57567 100 20.9 42 P5-4 94 38 121 41024 90 17.9 27 平均值 97 41 134 44789 91 16.6 30 评价标准 一类标准 80 - - - 150 - 60 二类标准 150 - - - 350 - 130 表 4 重金属含量Pearson相关性分析
Table 4. Pearson correlation analysis for heavy metal content
Cr Ni V Fe Zn Co Pb Cr 1 Ni 0.99** 1 V 0.98** 0.98** 1 Fe 0.99** 0.99** 0.97** 1 Zn 0.98** 0.98** 0.98** 0.98** 1 Co 0.84** 0.86** 0.88** 0.83** 0.85** 1 Pb 0.99** 0.99** 0.97** 0.99** 0.98** 0.83** 1 注:** p<0.01, n=10。 表 5 取样点地累积指数
Table 5. Geoaccumulation index of the sampling point
点位 地累积指数( )
Cr Ni V Fe Zn Co Pb P1-2 −0.1 −0.1 0.0 −0.3 −0.1 −0.2 −0.6 P1-4 0.0 0.0 0.2 −0.2 −0.1 −0.3 −0.6 P2-2 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1 −0.4 −0.1 −0.3 −0.7 P2-5 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1 −0.4 −0.1 −0.3 −0.7 P3-1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 −0.3 P3-5 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1 −0.4 −0.1 −0.3 −0.6 P4-1 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 P4-4 −0.1 −0.2 0.0 −0.3 −0.1 −0.2 −0.6 P5-1 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 P5-4 0.0 0.0 0.1 −0.3 −0.1 0.0 −0.6 平均值 0.0 0.1 0.2 −0.2 0.0 −0.1 −0.4 表 6 研究区与其他地区海滩重金属含量的比较
Table 6. Comparison of heavy metal contents the study area and other beaches
μg/g 海滩名称 重金属平均含量 Cr Ni V Fe Zn Co Pb 本次研究 涛雒镇海滩 97 42 134 45 142 92 16 31 其他地区 石老人海滩(夏季)[14](中国青岛) 69 15 - 50 000 41 - 34 石老人海滩(冬季)[14](中国青岛) 117 21 - 76 000 64 - 43 Huatulco[5](墨西哥) 150 12 - 82 296 29 13 11 Al-Khobar[6](沙特阿拉伯) 51 75 - 7 552 53 5 5 Sodwana Bay[7](南非) 426 15 - 7 784 3 7 1 Lutong[8](马来西亚) 85 - - 1 888 18 13 13 Bahia Solano[9](哥伦比亚) 269 - 143 30 964 126 109 410 Stratoni-lerrssos Gulf[10](希腊) - - - - 1 863 - 1146 Sulcis-Iglesiente[11](意大利) 6 - - - 3 272 - 203 表 7 磁学参数与重金属含量的相关性
Table 7. Correlation between magnetic parameters and heavy metal content
Cr Fe Ni V Zn Co Pb 0.99** 0.99** 0.96** 0.99** 0.97** 0.80** 0.99** 0.93** 0.94** 0.97** 0.92** 0.95** 0.90** 0.92** SIRM 0.98** 0.98** 0.95** 0.99** 0.97** 0.78** 0.99** −0.03 −0.02 −0.13 −0.01 −0.09 −0.11 0 S−100 −0.47 −0.48 −0.57 −0.43 −0.48 −0.64* −0.44 S−300 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.19 −0.05 0.16 注:* p<0.05,** p<0.01;样本数n=10。 表 8
$ \mathrm{\chi } $ 与重金属地累积指数的线性拟合Table 8. Linear fitting between
$ \mathrm{\chi } $ and heavy metal geoaccumulation index线性拟合方程 R2 Igeo(Cr) = ( −2596.7) / 30290
0.96 Igeo(Ni) = ( −2202.9) / 14771
0.96 Igeo(V) = ( −465.5) / 13207
0.89 Igeo(Fe) = ( −5425.2) / 15676
0.98 Igeo(Zn) = ( −5434) / 51163
0.93 Igeo(Co) = ( −5444.1) / 19031
0.63 Igeo(Pb) = ( −9210.3) / 13990
0.96 -
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