Distribution and ecological environment assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater of Laizhou Bay
-
摘要:
于2023年6月在莱州湾海域采集30个站位的表层海水样品，利用单因子指数法、潜在生态风险法以及主成分分析法评价了莱州湾海域表层海水重金属元素分布特征、污染程度及潜在生态风险。结果表明：莱州湾海域表层海水中元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As的浓度平均值分别为9.33、1.68、15.11、6.76、0.47、0.11、4.28 μg /L，单因子污染指数平均值分别为1.38、1.68、0.76、0.14、0.39、1.50、0.21，潜在生态风险指数平均值分别为6.92、8.16、0.76、0.27、11.77、60.15、2.11，综合生态风险指数平均值为89.84；莱州湾海域海水水质均未超过国家三类海水水质标准，除个别站点外莱州湾海域表层海水综合潜在生态风险等级为轻微；重金属元素分布受海域水动力因素影响，Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、Cd在莱州湾东部环流影响下不断在海域中心富集，Cr、As受莱州湾西部顺时针环流及中部东北向出流的影响成环带状分布。主成分及相关性分析表明，Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As之间的相关系数较小，相互之间都不具有相似的污染水平或共同的污染来源；重金属浓度与中国其他海域相比整体处于中等水平，与2020年莱州湾海水重金属浓度相比，整体呈现一定增长趋势，且由沿岸向海域中心迁移富集。
Abstract:In June 2023, surface seawater samples from 30 stations were collected in Laizhou Bay, and the degree, distribution, and potential ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in surface seawater in Laizhou Bay were evaluated by single factor index method, potential ecological risk method, and principal component analysis method. Results show that the average values of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, and As in the surface seawater of Laizhou Bay sea area were 9.33, 1.68, 15.11, 6.76, 0.47, 0.11, 4.28 μg/L, and the average values of the single-factor pollution indices were 1.38, 1.68, 0.76, 0.14, 0.39, 1.50, 0.21, the average value of potential ecological risk index was 6.92, 8.16, 0.76, 0.27, 11.77, 60.15, 2.11, respectively; and the average value of the comprehensive ecological risk index was 89.84. The quality of seawater in the sea area of Laizhou Bay did not exceed the national standard for Type Ⅲ seawater quality. Except for some stations, the potential ecological risk of seawater is slight; the distribution of heavy metal elements is affected by the hydrodynamic factors in the sea area. Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cd elements are constantly enriched in the center of the sea area under the influence of the circulation in the eastern part of the Laizhou Bay, and Cr, As elements are distributed in a ring band under the influence of the clockwise circulation in the western part of the Laizhou Bay and the northeasterly flow in the central part of the bay. The principal component and correlation analyses showed that the correlation coefficients among Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, and As were small, and none of them had similar pollution levels or common pollution sources. The concentration of heavy metals is at a medium level compared with those of other sea areas in China. Compared with the concentration of seawater in Laizhou Bay in 2020, the overall trend shows a certain increase, and they migrate and accumulate from the coast to the center of the sea.
-
Key words:
- Laizhou Bay /
- surface seawater /
- heavy metal /
- distribution characteristics /
- ecological assessment
-
-
表 1 Er和 RI 与生态风险等级的对应关系
Table 1. Relationship among Er （single potential ecological risk index）, RI （overall potential risk index） and ecological risk level
Er范围 单项污染物生态风险分级 RI范围 综合生态风险
指数分级Er＜40 轻微 RI＜150 轻微 40≤Er＜80 中等 150≤RI＜300 中等 80≤Er＜160 强 300≤RI＜600 强 160≤Er＜320 很强 RI≥600 很强 Er≥320 极强 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 表层海水中重金属含量
Table 2. Contents of heavy metals in surface seawater
元素 Cu Pb Zn Cr Cd Hg As 范围/(μg/L) 1.30～19.2 0.05～5.14 7.80～42.60 4.15～9.16 0.00～2.88 0.00～0.387 2.70～6.90 平均值/(μg/L) 6.39 1.63 15.11 6.76 0.39 0.08 4.23 国家一类海水水质标准[36]/(μg/L) ≤5.0 ≤1.0 ≤20 ≤50 ≤1.0 ≤0.05 ≤20 Pi 最小值/(μg/L) 0.00 0.05 0.39 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.13 最大值/(μg/L) 4.10 5.15 2.13 0.18 2.88 7.74 0.35 平均值/(μg/L) 1.38 1.68 0.76 0.14 0.39 1.50 0.21 一类海水水质达标率/% 33.33 33.33 90.00 100 83.33 56.67 100
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 莱州湾重金属潜在生态风险指数
Table 3. Potential ecological risk coefficients of heavy metals in Laizhou Bay
Cu Pb Zn Cr Cd Hg As Er 最小值 0.00 0.25 0.39 0.17 0.00 0.00 1.33 最大值 20.50 25.73 2.13 0.36 86.39 309.69 3.45 平均值 6.92 8.16 0.76 0.27 11.77 60.15 2.11
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 重金属元素相关性分析
Table 4. The relativity of heavy metals
元素 Cu Pb Zn Cr Cd Hg As Cu 1 Pb 0.183 1 Zn 0.122 0.197 1 Cr 0.215 0.543** 0.169 1 Cd 0.248 0.388* 0.072 0.417* 1 Hg 0.298 0.111 0.300 0.292 0.001 1 As 0.139 −0.016 0.113 0.229 0.061 0.184 1 注：“**”在0.01级别（双尾），相关性显著；“*”在0.05级别（双尾），相关性显著。
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 主成分分析主要计算结果
Table 5. The main results of calculation of principal component analysis （PCA）
项目 特征值 贡献率/% 累计贡献率/% Cu Pb Zn Cr Cd Hg As 第1主成分 2.303 32.90 32.90 0.534 0.690 0.435 0.795 0.601 0.505 0.324 第2主成分 1.269 18.13 51.03 0.201 −0.432 0.408 −0.181 −0.504 0.616 0.457
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 不同海域表层海水中重金属含量比较
Table 6. Comparison of heavy-metal concentrations in seawater of different sea areas
μg/L 研究区域 采样时间 Cu Zn Pb Cd Cr As Hg 本研究 2023年6月 6.92 15.11 1.68 0.39 6.76 4.23 0.08 莱州湾[27] 2020年8月 3 23 1.1 0.12 3.4 2.8 0.06 南黄海[14] 1997—2003年 1.12 3.44 0.30 0.053 — 1.66 0.009 北部湾[41] 2016年7月 8.68 26.24 2.07 0.14 — 0.58 0.057 大丰海域[22] 2015年11月 3.07 11.76 0.57 0.07 — 1.43 0.03 滨海县海域[42] 2019年 3.14 10.18 0.64 0.09 — 1.53 0.026 连云港[43] 2017年9月 0.025 0.703 0.1 0.043 0.052 — — 新村港[1] 2014年 15.37 63.97 18.32 0.175 — 8.05 0.097 注：“—”表示无相关数据。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 巩慧敏,刘永,肖雅元,等. 近海海水和表层沉积物重金属污染与生态风险评价:以海南新村港为例[J]. 农业现代化研究,2018,39(4):700-708.
GONG Huimin,LIU Yong,XIAO Yayuan,et al. Assessment on heavy metals pollution and potential ecological risk of seawater and surface sediments in coastal waters:a case study in Xincun Lagoon[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization,2018,39(4):700-708.
[2] ZHANG A G,WANG L L,ZHAO S L,et al. Heavy metals in seawater and sediments from the northern Liaodong Bay of China:levels,distribution and potential risks[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science,2017,11:32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2017.02.002
[3] 赵明杰,孙志佳,闫兴国,等. 广东吴川近岸海域表层海水重金属含量及生态风险分析[J]. 海洋地质前沿,2023,39(1):70-76.
ZHAO Mingjie,SUN Zhijia,YAN Xingguo,et al. Analysis of heavy metal content and ecological risk in surface seawater of Wuchuan coastal area,Guangdong Province[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers,2023,39(1):70-76.
[4] 徐亚岩,柏育材,纪炜炜,等. 中国近海沉积物中重金属的变化特征和生态风险评估[J]. 海洋渔业,2019,41(6):712-724. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2490.2019.06.008
XU Yayan,BAI Yucai,JI Weiwei,et al. Variation characteristics and evaluation of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the coastal waters of China[J]. Marine Fisheries,2019,41(6):712-724. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2490.2019.06.008
[5] 黄宏,王霄,罗予杉,等. 大型海藻对重金属富集作用、影响因素及应用[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2022,31(5):1158-1167.
HUANG Hong,WANG Xiao,LUO Yushan,et al. Enrichment,influencing factors and applications of heavy metals by macroalgae[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2022,31(5):1158-1167.
[6] 毛天宇,戴明新,彭士涛,等. 近10年渤海湾重金属(Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Hg)污染时空变化趋势分析[J]. 天津大学学报,2009,42(9):817-825. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0493-2137.2009.09.011
MAO Tianyu,DAI Mingxin,PENG Shitao,et al. Temporal-spatial variation trend analysis of heavy metals (Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Hg) in Bohai Bay in 10 years[J]. Journal of Tianjin University,2009,42(9):817-825. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0493-2137.2009.09.011
[7] 田丰歌,倪志鑫,黄彬彬,等. 大亚湾海水、表层沉积物中重金属含量及其分布特征[J]. 应用海洋学学报,2022,41(3):462-474. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2022.03.011
TIAN Fengge,NI Zhixin,HUANG Binbin,et al. Distribution characters of heavy metals in seawater and surface sediments in Daya Bay[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography,2022,41(3):462-474. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2022.03.011
[8] 段云莹,裴绍峰,廖名稳,等. 渤海莱州湾沉积物REE与重金属污染特征及物源判别[J]. 海洋地质前沿,2021,37(10):8-24.
DUAN Yunying,PEI Shaofeng,LIAO Mingwen,et al. Characteristics of REE and heavy metals in the surficial sediments of Laizhou Bay,Bohai sea and their implications for provenance[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers,2021,37(10):8-24.
[9] 张洪亮,杨建强,崔文林. 莱州湾盐度变化现状及其对海洋环境与生态的影响[J]. 海洋环境科学,2006,25(1):11-14.
ZHANG Hongliang,YANG Jianqiang,CUI Wenlin. Status of salinity changes and the effect on marine environments and ecosystem in Laizhou Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science,2006,25(1):11-14.
[10] 张雷,秦延文,郑丙辉,等. 环渤海典型海域潮间带沉积物中重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1676-1684.
ZHANG Lei,QIN Yanwen,Zheng Binghui,et al. Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in sediments from typical areas in the Bohai Sea[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(8):1676-1684.
[11] 胡宁静,石学法,刘季花,等. 莱州湾表层沉积物中重金属分布特征和环境影响[J]. 海洋科学进展,2011,29(1):63-72.
HU Ningjing,SHI Xuefa,LIU Jihua,et al. Distributions and impacts of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay[J]. Advances in Marine Science,2011,29(1):63-72.
[12] SHRIADAH M A,OKBAH M A,EL-DEEK M S. Trace metals in the water columns of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba,Egypt[J]. Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2004,153(1/4):115-124.
[13] AL-HASHIM M H,EL-SOROGY A S,ALSHEHRI F,et al. Environmental assessment of surface seawater in Al-Uqair coastline,eastern Saudi Arabia[J]. Water (Basel),2022,14(21):3423.
[14] 贺志鹏,宋金明,张乃星,等. 南黄海表层海水重金属的变化特征及影响因素[J]. 环境科学,2008,29(5):1153-1162.
HE Zhipeng,SONG Jinming,ZHANG Naixing,et al. Variation characteristics and controlling factors of heavy metals in the South Yellow Sea surface seawaters[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(5):1153-1162.
[15] 杨文超,黄道建,陈继鑫,等. 大亚湾海域2009—2018年重金属时空分布及污染评价[J]. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2020,52(5):65-75.
YANG Wenchao,HUANG Daojian,CHEN Jixin,et al. Pollution assessment and temporal-spatial distribution of heavy metals in seawater of Daya Bay during 2009-2018[J]. Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2020,52(5):65-75.
[16] 莫小荣,管超毅,罗良娟,等. 近年钦州沿海海水、沉积物及牡蛎重金属污染分析和评价[J]. 南方农业学报,2019,50(3):554-561.
MO Xiaorong,GUAN Chaoyi,LUO Liangjuan,et al. Analysis and evaluation of heavy metals pollution in seawater,sediments and oysters of Qinzhou coastal area in recent years[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture,2019,50(3):554-561.
[17] 罗万次,苏搏,刘熊,等. 广西北仑河口红树林保护区表层海水溶解态重金属时空分布及其影响因素[J]. 海洋通报,2014,33(6):668-675.
LUO Wanci,SU Bo,LIU Xiong,et al. Spatial and temporal distributions and influence factors of the dissolved heavy metals in surface water in the mangrove reserve at the Beilun River Estuary in Guangxi[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,2014,33(6):668-675.
[18] 林红梅,王伟力,林彩,等. 钦州湾及其邻近海域重金属的时空变化特征和影响因素[J]. 应用海洋学学报,2020,39(4):490-500.
LIN Hongmei,WANG Weili,LIN Cai,et al. Temporal and spatial variations of heavy metals and influencing factors in Qinzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in 2013-2014[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography,2020,39(4):490-500.
[19] 宋永刚,吴金浩,邵泽伟,等. 辽东湾近岸表层海水重金属污染分析与评价[J]. 渔业科学进展,2016,37(3):14-19. doi: 10.11758/yykxjz.20150820001
SONG Yonggang,WU Jinhao,SHAO Zewei,et al. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the offshore surface seawater of the Liaodong Bay[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(3):14-19. doi: 10.11758/yykxjz.20150820001
[20] 孙业皎,黄翠玲,隋琪,等. 桑沟湾表层海水中重金属含量季节变化及污染分析[J]. 海洋环境科学,2021,40(5):752-759. doi: 10.12111/j.20210030
SUN Yejiao,HUANG Cuiling,SUI Qi,et al. Concentration variation and pollution assessment of heavy metals insurface seawater of Sanggou Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science,2021,40(5):752-759. doi: 10.12111/j.20210030
[21] 公金文,陈发荣,郑立,等. 红海湾表层海水重金属含量与污染评价[J]. 海洋科学进展,2021,39(4):570-580.
GONG Jinwen,CHEN Farong,ZHENG Li,et al. The concentrations and pollution assessment of heavy metal in surface seawater in Honghai Bay[J]. Advances in Marine Science,2021,39(4):570-580.
[22] 艾洋漪,徐敏,丁言者,等. 大丰近岸海域水质污染特征及来源[J]. 南京师大学报(自然科学版),2019,42(4):153-161.
AI Yangyi,XU Min,DING Yanzhe,et al. Characteristics and sources of water pollution in the coastal waters of Dafeng,Jiangsu Province,China[J]. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2019,42(4):153-161.
[23] 刘宪斌,朱浩然,郭夏青,等. 河北黄骅近岸海域表层海水重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 安全与环境学报,2020,20(2):747-755.
LIU Xianbin,ZHU Haoran,GUO Xiaqing,et al. On situation of heavy metal contaminant residents in seawater along Huanghua coast area and potential ecological risk assessment,Cangzhou,Hebei[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2020,20(2):747-755.
[24] 罗先香,张蕊,杨建强,等. 莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 生态环境学报,2010,19(2):262-269. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2010.02.002
LUO Xianxiang,ZHANG Rui,YANG Jianqiang,et al. Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment in Laizhou Bay[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(2):262-269. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2010.02.002
[25] 郑懿珉,高茂生,刘森,等. 莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态环境评价[J]. 海洋环境科学,2015,34(3):354-360.
ZHENG Yimin,GAO Maosheng,LIU Sen,et al. Distribution patterns and ecological assessment on heavy metals in the surface sediments of Laizhou Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science,2015,34(3):354-360.
[26] 段云莹,裴绍峰,廖名稳,等. 莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征、污染评价与来源分析[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2021,41(6):67-81.
DUAN Yunying,PEI Shaofeng,LIAO Mingwen,et al. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Laizhou Bay and their sources and pollution assessment[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2021,41(6):67-81.
[27] 秦华伟,陶慧敏,张娟,等. 营养盐和重金属等环境因子对莱州湾浮游植物的影响[J]. 海洋湖沼通报,2023,45(5):134-141.
QIN Huawei,TAO Huimin,ZHANG Juan,et al. Effects of multiple environmental factors such as nutrients and heavy metals on phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2023,45(5):134-141.
[28] 自然资源部. GB/T 12763.11—2007,海洋调查规范:第11部分:海洋工程地质调查[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
Ministry of Natural Resources.GB/T 12763.11—2007,Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 11:marine engineering geological investigation[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[29] 国家海洋局. GB 17378.3—2007,海洋监测规范:第3部分:样品采集、贮存与运输[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
State Oceanic Administration.GB 17378. 3—2007,The specification for marine monitoring-Part 3:sample collection,storage and transportation[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[30] 国家海洋局. GB 17378.4−2007海洋监测规范:第4部分:海水分析[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
State Oceanic Administration. GB 17378.4−2007,The specification for marine monitoring-Part 4:seawater analysis[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[31] 孙钦帮,高范,王阳,等. 广东红海湾海域表层水环境中重金属含量特征及污染评价[J]. 海洋环境科学,2018,37(5):685-690. doi: 10.12111/j.cnki.mes20180509
SUN Qinbang,GAO Fan,WANG Yang,et al. The content and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in the surface seawater in Honghai Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science,2018,37(5):685-690. doi: 10.12111/j.cnki.mes20180509
[32] 贺仕昌,蔚广鑫,王德鸿,等. 七连屿海域表层海水及沉积物重金属环境质量评估[J]. 应用海洋学学报,2020,39(2):246-252.
HE Shichang,YU Guangxin,WANG Dehong,et al. Environmental quality assessment of heavy metals in the surface water and sediments around Qilianyu Island[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography,2020,39(2):246-252.
[33] 张思洋,于大涛,张戈. 锦州湾三河入海口重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 海洋地质前沿,2020,36(6):20-25.
ZHANG Siyang,YU Datao,ZHANG Ge. Distribution of heavy metals at the junction of Lianshan,Wuli and Cishan estuaries,Jinzhou Bay and their contamination evaluation[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers,2020,36(6):20-25.
[34] 张栋,郑晓玲,何鹰,等. 渤海南部表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境污染与防治,2011,33(9):8-10,24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3865.2011.09.003
ZHANG Dong,ZHENG Xiaoling,HE Ying,et al. Pollution and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment of south Bohai[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control,2011,33(9):8-10,24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3865.2011.09.003
[35] 周笑白,梅鹏蔚,彭露露,等. 渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报,2015,24(3):452-456.
ZHOU Xiaobai,MEI Pengyu,PENG Lulu,et al. Contents and potential ecological risk assessment of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(3):452-456.
[36] 国家环境保护局,国家海洋局. GB 3097—1997,海水水质标准[S]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
State Environmental Protection Administration,State Oceanic Administration. GB 3097—1997,Sea water quality standard[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1998.
[37] 林道荣,吴文凡,刘子洲,等. 莱州湾夏季环流垂向结构及其影响机制的研究[J]. 海洋科学,2023,47(5):54-65.
LIN Daorong,WU Wenfan,LIU Zizhou,et al. Vertical structure of summer circulation in Laizhou Bay and its influencing mechanism[J]. Marine Sciences,2023,47(5):54-65.
[38] 彭修强,项立辉,郭娜,等. 南黄海南部海域表层沉积物重金属来源解析及风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3628-3638.
PENG Xiuqiang,XIANG Lihui,Guo Na,et al. Sources identification and hazardous risk delineation of heavy metals contamination in surface sediments in the southern of the South Yellow Sea[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(11):3628-3638.
[39] 杨华. 南海北部珊瑚生长区重金属分布特征及评价[D]. 南宁:广西大学,2017.
YANG Hua. Distribution and evaluation of heavy metals in coral growing regions of the northern South China Sea[D]. Nan Ning:Guangxi University,2017.
[40] GOPINATH A,NAIR S M,KUMAR N C,et al. A baseline study of trace metals in a coral reef sedimentary environment,Lakshadweep Archipelago[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,59(6):1245-1266. doi: 10.1007/s12665-009-0113-6
[41] 曾维特,张东强,刘兵,等. 海南岛北部海湾表层海水重金属分布特征、主控因素及污染评价[J]. 热带海洋学报,2023,42(6):1-12.
ZENG Weite,ZHANG Dongqiang,LIU Bing,et al. Distribution,main controlling factors and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater of the northern bay of Hainan Island,South China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2023,42(6):1-12.
[42] 裘奕斐,王静,徐敏. 江苏滨海县近岸海域海水、沉积物和生物体重金属分布及健康风险评价[J]. 南京师大学报(自然科学版),2021,44(1):71-78.
QIU Yifei,WANG Jing,XU Min. Distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in seawater,sediments and organisms in coastal areas of Binhai in Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2021,44(1):71-78.
[43] 许星鸿,姚海洋,孟霄,等. 连云港附近海域海水、表层沉积物和水产品的重金属污染及生态风险评价[J]. 海洋湖沼通报,2019(5):110-116.
XU Xinghong,YAO Haiyang,MENG Xiao,et al. Evaluation on heavy metals pollution and potential ecological risk in seawater,surface sediment and marine organisms in Lianyungang sea areas[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2019(5):110-116.
-
图(3)
表(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 196
- PDF下载数: 31
- 施引文献: 0