The latest progress in the research and development of pore-filling type gas hydrate in Japan
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摘要:
随着常规油藏的枯竭以及对煤炭碳排放日益增加的担忧,天然气将在可持续经济增长中发挥更大作用。水合物作为一种资源丰富的甲烷气体来源,引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣。日本作为最早启动国家级水合物研发计划的国家之一,在历经全球20余年的水合物勘查试采热潮后,是目前资金投入巨大且仍在坚持产业化开发目标的少数国家之一,在水合物资源勘查开发相关领域取得了前所未有的成就。因此,在笔者针对日本水合物开发计划2001—2018财政年研发(试采)阶段发展历程的已有研究基础上,系统总结2019—2023财政年产业化前过渡阶段的砂层型水合物研发工作进展,梳理分析日本对实现水合物产业化开发目标的设想和思考,以期为中国推进水合物产业化开发进程提供借鉴。
Abstract:As conventional oil reservoirs deplete and concerns grow about rising carbon emissions from coal, natural gas will play a large role in sustainable economic growth. Gas hydrates, as a rich source of methane gas, have attracted great interest from academia and industry. As one of the earliest countries to launch a national hydrate R&D program, Japan is one of the few countries that has continued to invest huge amounts of money and adheres to its industrial development goals after more than 20 years of global hydrate exploration and production test boom. It has made unprecedented achievements in the field of hydrate resource exploration and development. Therefore, based on the author's published research results on the development process of the R&D phase of Japan's hydrate development plan from FY2001 to FY2018, this paper systematically summarizes the R&D progress of pore-filling type hydrate in the transition phase before industrialization from FY2019 to FY2023, analyzes Japan’s assumptions and thoughts on achieving the goal of hydrate industrialization, and forms the understandings worthy of reference for the promotion of hydrate industrialization development process in China.
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图 1 日本第3次海域试采生产作业设计[6]
Figure 1.
图 3 井群生产系统示意图[35]
Figure 3.
图 4 日本砂层型水合物产业化开发前过渡阶段主要研发工作内容和评价标准[5]
Figure 4.
表 1 SM2-P1和SM1-P1R生产井产气试验情况[9]
Table 1. Hydrate production test results of SM2-P1 and SM1-P1R production wells
SM2-P1 SM1-P1R 产气试验起止时间 7月8日04:00—7月13日00:40 7月22日18:00—7月23日00:15 总计时长 4 d 20 h 40 min 6 h 15 min 目标井底压力 5 MPa 7 MPa 实际井底最低压力 约5.7 MPa 约16 MPa 累计生产量 产气量442.5 m3,产水量168 m3 未实现产气,产水量1.3 m3 主要事件 GeoFORM内外压差显著
电潜泵气锁钻探后在举升管内发现存在游离气
电潜泵气锁第1次 第2次 第3次(短期) 第3次相较于前两次试采的特点(括号内为实际实施过程中出现的问题) 实施年份/区域 2013年/南海海槽 2017年/南海海槽 2023年/志摩半岛 生产井数量/水深 1口/约1 000 m 2口/约1 000 m 2口/约1 200 m(SM2-P1)和约1 400 m(SM1-P1R) 深度更大 计划时长/日均产气量/
/日均产水量2周/10×104 m3/500 m3 1个月/10×104 m3/500 m3 5 d/5×104 m3/250 m3 以确认产气和获取数据为目的 实际日均产气量/日均产水量 约2×104 m3/150~200 m3 3 000~15 000 m3/
100~500 m3约100 m3/约30 m3 降压方式/泵类型/安装位置 间接降压/电潜泵/井内 间接降压/电潜泵/井内 直接降压/电潜泵/切断装置上 简化
(水合物二次形成)生产管线/气水分离 2条(气/水分开)/井内 2条(气/水分开)/井内 1条(气/水共用)/船上 防止水合物二次形成 加热装置 抑制剂注入
(乙二醇)抑制剂连续注入
(动力学水合物抑制剂)适度、设备紧凑 切断装置 防喷器+水下测试树
(300 t)修井立管
(80 t)海底断开/中断系统
(40 t)轻量化、简化、省时
(夹持器开关困难)立管 21”钻井立管(出砂) 9.625”套管 6.625”和3.5”双钻杆 轻量化、简化、省时 防砂对策装置 裸眼砾石充填
(发生出砂)已活化的GeoFORM/未活化的GeoFORM 未活化的GeoFORM防砂筛管 (硬化/堵塞) 传感器位置 井内/电潜泵 井内/切断装置/电潜泵 筛管外侧/井内/切断装置/电潜泵 可测量井内外压差 表 3 日本水合物产业化开发路线图方案
Table 3. Japan's hydrate industrial development roadmap
时间 至2018财政年 4~6 a 4~5 a 5 a 阶段 技术示范阶段 产业化
示范阶段产业化
生产阶段产气可能性
验证稳定生产验证
(主要在陆上验证)稳定生产验证
(海上多井验证)产气
试验第2次海域试采:
产气试验→弃井、分析评价等→针对问题解决的技术研究
长期陆域试采:
准备→钻探→研究准备→产气试验(单井)→分析评价等
其他国家海域试采的技术应用(提供技术支持):
产气试验的研究、实施与验证中长期海域多井试采:
产气试验的研究、实施与验证(之后的海域试采将考虑符合产业化要求的水合物富集区)针对产业化的示范性试验 向商用过渡 资源量
评价原地资源量评价 勘探:
根据面向问题解决的研究工作进展以及陆域试采情况进行判断→三维地震调查→钻探继续开展 生产
系统海洋技术开发的全面实施 实施
体系日本国家石油天然气和金属公司及日本产业技术综合研究所 基于未来试采结果等,建立能够尽可能多地吸纳先进认识的管理体系 -
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