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摘要:
重金属污染是海洋环境评价的重要内容，为了解万宁潟湖红树林区域海水重金属含量分布及质量现状，于2022年10月采集了调查区红树林区域20个表层海水样品，对7种常见重金属元素（Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As）进行分析。采用综合污染指数法、Hakanson指数法以及风险商评价法等评估了红树林区域海水重金属分布及污染情况，并基于相关性分析及双向分层聚类分析方法分析了重金属来源。结果表明，研究区Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd元素的平均含量分别为0.044、14.975、0.695、0.628 μg/L，Cr、Zn、As元素在各站位均未达检出限；海水重金属元素分布及污染情况整体呈现出：老爷海潟湖红树林区域优于小海潟湖红树林区域、连片自然林区域优于其他区域、河口区域劣于其他区域的特征；所有重金属元素中以Cu元素超标程度及生物风险程度相对较高；重金属主要来源于渔业养殖和农业生产等陆源人为活动以及港口运输及船舶尾气等的大气沉降，部分区域受到点源状人为活动的影响。相关评价结果可为万宁潟湖周边红树林生态系统保护提供参考。
Abstract:Heavy metal pollution is a major issue of marine environmental assessment. To clarify the distribution and concentration of heavy metals (Hg, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As) in seawater of mangrove areas in Wanning Lagoon, Hainan South China, 20 surface seawater samples were collected in mid-October 2022 for analysis. Comprehensive pollution evaluation method, Hakanson index, and risk quotient were used. The originations of heavy metals were traced based on correlation analysis and bidirectional stratified cluster analysis. Results show that the average contents of Hg, Cu, Pb, and Cd were 0.044, 14.975, 0.695, and 0.628 μg/L, respectively, and Cr, Zn and As were below the detection limits in all stations. In terms of heavy metal pollution status, the Laoyehai area was better than the Xiaohai area, the natural mangrove forest area was better than other areas, and the estuary area was worse than other areas. The content of Cu exceeded the benchmark and so the degree of biological risk was relatively high among all heavy metals. Heavy metals mainly come from land-based anthropogenic activities such as fishery breeding and agricultural production, as well as atmospheric subsidence of port transportation and ship emission, and some areas were affected by point-source anthropogenic activities. This study provided a reference for the protection of mangrove ecosystem around Wanning Lagoon.
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Key words:
- Wanning Lagoon /
- mangroves /
- surface seawater /
- heavy metals /
- risk assessment
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WQI≤1 1＜WQI≤2 2＜WQI≤3 WQI＞3 清洁 轻微污染 中度污染 严重污染 
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元素 Cu Zn Pb Cd As Cr Hg 毒性响应系数 
5 1 5 30 10 2 40 评价标准值 
（μg/L）5 20 1 1 20 50 0.05
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潜在生态危害系数
EiEi＜40 40≤
Ei＜8080≤
Ei＜160160≤
Ei＜320Ei≥80 轻微 中等 强 很强 极强 潜在生态危害指数RI RI＜150 150≤RI＜300 300≤RI＜600 RI≥300 轻微 中等 强 很强
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元素 Cu Zn Pb Cd As Cr Hg 
/（μg/L）3.46 25.54 234.06 1.07 0.5 25.43 2.84 风险商RQ RQ≤0.1 0.1＜RQ≤1 RQ＞1 低生态风险 中等生态风险 高生态风险
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表 5 万宁潟湖红树林区域重金属含量
Table 5. Heavy metal contents in the mangrove area of Wanning Lagoon
元素 Hg Cr Cu Zn Pb Cd As 检出限/(μg/L) 0.007 0.400 0.200 3.100 0.030 0.010 0.500 检出率/% 80 0 60 0 20 80 0 范围/(μg/L) 0.0 035～0.124 — 0.1～48.2 — 0.015～4.00 0.005～1.17 — 算术平均值/(μg/L) 0.044 — 14.975 — 0.695 0.628 — 标准偏差/(μg/L) 0.041 — 16.754 — 1.415 0.407 — 变异系数 0.914 — 1.119 — 2.036 0.649 — 海水水质标准/(μg/L) Ⅰ 0.05 50 5 20 1 1 20 Ⅱ 0.2 100 10 20 5 5 30 Ⅲ 0.5 200 50 100 10 10 50 Ⅳ 500 500 50 注：“—”表示未达检出限。
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表 6 重金属质量浓度与海水环境因子的相关性分析
Table 6. Correlation analysis of mass concentration of heavy metals and environmental factors in seawater
pH T SAL DO COD Hg Cu Pb Cd pH 1 T 0.651** 1 SAL −0.529* −0.094 1 DO −0.299 −0.154 0.256 1 COD 0.027 0.250 0.297 −0.246 1 Hg −0.043 −0.095 −0.473* 0.128 −0.175 1 Cu 0.524* 0.338 −0.107 −0.137 0.065 −0.242 1 Pb 0.223 0.410 −0.102 −0.088 −0.150 0.052 0.443* 1 Cd 0.159 −0.306 −0.475* −0.029 −0.312 0.152 −0.092 −0.044 1 注：**表示在0.01水平下（双侧检验）相关性显著；*表示在0.05水平下（双侧检验）相关性显著。
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