The characteristics of geostructures of urban underground space in coastal bedrock area of Qingdao
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摘要:
青岛市大规模的城市建设亟需高效合理的地下空间开发。摸清青岛市地下空间地质结构特征，为城市地下空间的合理规划和开发提供更科学、可靠的依据，是实现城市可持续发展的重要途径。本文基于城市地质调查实测数据和收集的工程地质勘察数据资料，对青岛区域构造、地貌、断裂、岩土体结构及工程地质条件等梳理总结，并对其地下空间地质结构特征进行详细概述。结果表明，青岛市岩土体结构受基岩严格控制，影响着第四系沉积物的分布，其中岩体可划分为4类，第四系盖层可划分12层。基于数据构建的青岛市立体地质结构模型显示，下地壳的顶部埋深约12 km，上部地下空间开发的关键层范围为0～60 m，地表关键层的三维工程地质模型直观地展示其环境工程地质条件，便于提高对青岛市地质环境的整体认识，为后续地下空间开发建设提供科学依据。
Abstract:It is urgent to develop the underground space efficiently and reasonably for the large-scale urban construction in Qingdao City, Shandong, China. The clear understanding of the geostructural characteristics of underground space in the city and providing a more scientific and reliable basis for rational planning and development of the urban underground space are important to meet the needs of urban sustainable development. Based on the data of urban geological survey and geoengineering investigation, this paper summarizes the regional structure, geomorphology, fractures, rock and soil structure and geoengineering conditions and introduces the geostructural characteristics of the underground space in detail for the city. Results show that the bedrocks strictly controlled the rock and soil structure and affects the distribution of quaternary sediments in Qingdao. The local rock masses can be divided into four types, and the Quaternary cap strata can be divided into 12 layers. The geo-structural model of Qingdao constructed by available data shows that the top buried depth of the middle-lower crust is about 12 km, and the key upper layer of the underground space development ranges from 0 to 60 m. The 3D geoengineering model of the key layer of the surface shows clearly the geoengineering structures, which is conducive to improving the overall understanding of the geological background of Qingdao and providing a scientific basis for the subsequent underground space development and construction.
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Key words:
- Qingdao /
- geostructural characteristics /
- geo-structural model /
- underground space
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表 1 青岛主要断裂
Table 1. Main faults in Qingdao
类型 断裂名称 走向/(°) 倾向 倾角/(°) 长/km NE向 沧口断裂 40～45 整体SE倾斜，局部为NW向 70～85 170 劈石口断裂 40～45 NW向 80 28 山东头断裂 40～45 NW向 45～88 30 NNE向 即墨-沧口断裂 40～45 SE向 70～80 130 NW向 胶县断裂 280 S 56～85 12 
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表 2 青岛市主城区工程地质分区
Table 2. Geo-engineering zoning in main urban area of Qingdao
代号 工程地质分区 地貌特征 亚区代号 工程地质亚区 Ⅰ 构造侵蚀剥蚀区 中山、低山、
丘陵、准平原Ⅰ1 坚硬侵入岩亚区 Ⅰ2 较坚硬砂岩火山碎屑岩亚区 Ⅱ 山麓斜坡堆积区 堆积缓坡、
山间凹地Ⅱ1 堆积缓坡亚区 Ⅱ2 山间凹地亚区 Ⅲ 河流侵蚀堆积区 河床河漫滩、
一级阶地Ⅲ1 一级阶地亚区 Ⅲ2 现代河床河漫滩亚区 Ⅳ 滨海堆积区 滨海沼泽带、
滨海潮滩Ⅳ1 滨海潮滩亚区 Ⅳ2 滨海沼泽带亚区 Ⅴ 人工堆填区 / / /
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表 3 岩石强度分类
Table 3. Classification of rock strength
强度类别 抗压强度/MPa 软化系数 岩石类型 块状层状坚硬岩类岩体 80～100 ＞0.8 花岗岩为主，次为角闪石岩和闪长（玢）岩 碎裂半坚硬岩类岩体 30～80 0.6～0.8 花岗岩、玄武岩、流纹岩、砂岩 散体软弱岩岩石 20～30 ＜0.6 风化的花岗岩及玄武、安山岩、 片麻岩、片岩、糜棱岩
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表 4 青岛市盖层划分表
Table 4. Classification of overlying strata in Qingdao
盖层 成因类型 主要岩性 表土层 人工填土 人工填土 第一砂层 陆相洪冲积层 细砾、极粗砂 第一土层 陆相洪冲积层 黏土 第二砂层 海相沼泽化层 细砾、极粗砂 第三砂层 陆相洪冲积层 细砾、极粗砂 第二土层 海相沼泽化层 黏土 第三土层 陆相洪冲积层l 黏土 第四砂层 海相层 细砾、极粗砂 第五砂层 陆相洪冲积层 粗砂、极粗砂 第四土层 陆相沼泽化层 黏土 第五土层 陆相洪冲积层 黏土 第六砂层 陆相洪冲积层 极粗砂
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