Distribution characteristics of benthic foraminifera in surface sediments of Zhanjiang Bay-Leizhou Bay and its environmental significance
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摘要:
于2020年6月对湛江湾-雷州湾海域89个站位表层沉积物进行底栖有孔虫采样分析，共识别出52属103种，其中，玻璃质壳37属64种，胶结壳10属13种，瓷质壳5属26种。底栖有孔虫分布表现为湾内低、湾外高，由湾内向湾外增加的特点。对底栖有孔虫进行Q型因子分析，划分4个有孔虫组合，组合Ⅰ为Florilus scaphus - Pseudorotalia gaimardi，以暖水种为主，指示受南海暖流影响明显的内陆架浅水环境；组合Ⅱ为Nonion belridgense - Hemirotalia foraminulosa - Elphidium macellum，以咸水种为主，可能反映盐度值明显升高的浅水环境，具有海陆过渡带性质；组合Ⅲ为Hanzawaia convexa - Rosalina bradyi，以浅水种为主，指示受沿岸流与南海暖流共同影响的内陆架浅水环境；组合Ⅳ为Neoconorbina terquemi - Ammonia beccarii，以广盐种为主，反映了受沿岸流影响明显的滨海环境。综合分析影响底栖有孔虫组合分布的各种因素，认为温度、水深为控制研究海域底栖有孔虫分布的主要因素，同时，海流和底质类型也会对底栖有孔虫分布产生一定影响。
Abstract:Benthic foraminifera from the surface sediments were sampled at 89 points in June 2020 in the Zhanjiang Bay-Leizhou Bay, Guangxi, SW China, and analyzed. A total of 103 species from 52 genus were identified, including 64 species from 37 genus with hyaline tests, 13 species from 10 genus with agglutinated tests, and 26 species from 5 genus with porcelaneous tests. The abundance of benthic foraminifera was characterized by an increase from inner bay to outer bay. Four assemblages were recognized based on Q-type factor analysis. AssemblagesⅠ, Florilus scaphus - Pseudorotalia gaimardi, was dominated by warm water species, indicating the shallow water environment of the inland shelf, which was obviously influenced by the South China Sea warm current. Assemblages Ⅱ, Nonion belridgense - Hemirotalia foraminulosa - Elphidium macellum, was mainly a saltwater species, which reflected a shallow water environment with significantly increased salinity in ocean-land transition zone. Assemblages Ⅲ, Hanzawaia convexa - Rosalina bradyi, was dominated by shallow-water species, indicating the shallow water environment of inland shelf affected by coastal current and South China Sea warm current. Assemblages Ⅳ, Neoconorbina terquemi - Ammonia beccarii, consisted mainly of eurysaline species, reflecting the coastal environment that obviously affected by the coastal current. A comprehensive analysis on various factors on the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages showed that bottom water temperature and water depth are main impact factors on the distribution of benthic foraminifera assemblages in the study area. In addition, the distribution of benthic foraminifera is also influenced by ocean current and substrate type.
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表 1 研究区底栖有孔虫优势种及环境指示意义
Table 1. Dominant benthic foraminifera species in the study area and their environmental significance
壳质类型 优 势 种 占总含量百分比/% 环境指示意义[1] 玻璃质壳 Pseudorotalia gaimardi（多疣假轮虫） 20.90 暖水种 Hanzawaia mantaensis（曼顿半泽虫） 15.02 中外陆架半深水种 Ammonia beccarii（毕克卷转虫） 6.58 广盐性滨岸种 Florilus scaphus（船状花朵虫） 4.68 内陆架浅水种 Elphidium advenum（异地希望虫） 4.11 内陆架浅水种 Cavarotalia annectens（同现孔轮虫） 3.34 内陆架浅水种 Elphidium asiaticum（亚洲希望虫） 2.23 内陆架浅水种 Elphidium limpidum（清晰希望虫） 1.69 内陆架浅水种 Elphidium hispidulum（茸毛希望虫） 1.26 内陆架浅水种 Hemirotalia foraminulosa（有孔半轮虫） 1.25 内陆架浅水种 Pararotalia nipponica（日本纺轮虫） 1.24 内陆架浅水种 Hanzawaia convexa（隆拱半泽虫） 1.24 中外陆架半深水种 Ammonia pauciloculata（少室卷转虫） 1.18 内陆架浅水种 瓷质壳 Quinqueloculina subungeriana（亚恩格五玦虫） 1.61 近岸浅水种 Quinqueloculina lamarckiana（拉马克五玦虫） 1.29 近岸浅水种 胶结壳 Textularia foliacea（叶状串珠虫） 12.42 近岸浅水种 Bigenerina nodosaria（节房双串虫） 6.65 暖水种 
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表 2 研究区主要底栖有孔虫属种Q型因子分析
Table 2. Q-mode factor analysis of major benthic foraminifera species in the study area
属 种 因子1 因子2 因子3 因子4 Hanzawaia nipponica −0.032 0.661 0.469 −0.018 Quinqueloculina argunica −0.056 0.467 0.469 −0.188 Rosalina bradyi −0.075 0.576 0.739 −0.051 Cribrononion vitreum −0.150 0.723 0.113 −0.009 Elphidium macellum −0.088 0.799 0.177 0.017 Neoconorbina terquemi 0.139 −0.193 0.057 0.819 Nonion belridgense −0.049 0.941 0.151 −0.018 Quinqueloculina agglutinans 0.076 0.793 −0.026 −0.026 Triloculina tricarinata 0.027 0.327 0.235 0.204 Reussella pluchra 0.593 0.251 0.460 0.330 Triloculina trigonula 0.040 0.314 −0.006 0.665 Spiroloculina laevigata 0.132 0.332 −0.113 0.371 Triloculina disparilis 0.337 −0.081 0.075 0.215 Ammonia pauciloculata 0.809 0.214 −0.043 0.144 Hanzawaia convexa −0.031 0.216 0.888 −0.029 Hemirotalia foraminulosa −0.017 0.84 −0.013 0.042 Elphidium hispidulum 0.187 −0.069 0.720 0.238 Quinqueloculina lamarckiana 0.600 −0.153 0.079 0.098 Elphidium limpidum 0.853 −0.057 0.082 0.341 Elphidium asiaticum 0.853 −0.006 −0.031 0.321 Cavarotalia annectens 0.749 −0.066 0.082 −0.134 Elphidium advenum 0.649 −0.004 0.212 0.490 Florilus scaphus 0.969 −0.109 −0.063 −0.004 Ammonia beccarii 0.493 −0.057 0.024 0.717 Bigenerina nodosaria 0.896 −0.064 0.069 −0.243 Textularia foliacea 0.896 −0.083 0.019 0.170 Hanzawaia mantaensis 0.899 −0.127 −0.011 0.242 Pseudorotalia gaimardi 0.954 −0.114 −0.049 0.073 注：表中粗体数据为4个主因子组合中的最大值。
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