Characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals pollution in sediments of coastal zones in Jiangsu Province
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摘要:
基于2020年江苏近岸海域表层沉积物中7种重金属（Pb、Cr、As、Cu、Zn、Cd和Hg）含量，分析其污染特征并追溯其来源。结果表明，江苏海域表层沉积物的平均粒径由北向南逐渐加粗，除Cr外，其他重金属平均含量均高于江苏海涂土壤环境背景值。2020年，江苏近岸海域整体处于轻度污染水平和轻微潜在生态风险水平。其中，Cd处于重度污染水平和强潜在生态风险水平，其他重金属元素处于轻度污染水平和轻微潜在生态风险水平。江苏海域中海州湾和长江口的重金属含量与污染程度均较高。在江苏近岸海域，2020年Cd和Zn的污染程度比2013年严重。重金属元素与平均粒径呈正相关，与黏土之间的正相关性最高。来源分析结果表明，重金属来源可分为交通航运与工业排放（Pb和Zn）、农业生产活动和生活污水（As和Cd）、成土母质和大气干湿沉降（Cr和Hg）、养殖生产活动（Cu）4类。与APCS-MLR模型相比，PMF模型对江苏海域重金属的自然源的解释相对较差。APCS-MLR模型结果指示，这4类来源对重金属贡献率分别为27.30%、35.55%、31.22%和5.93%。研究结果对保护江苏近岸海域生态环境和合理发展海洋经济具有重要意义。
Abstract:Based on the concentration of 7 heavy metals (Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg) in surface sediments of coastal zones in Jiangsu Province in 2020, we investigated the pollution characteristics and source apportionment. Results show that the average particle size in surface sediments of coastal zones in Jiangsu Province gradually thickened from north to south. The average concentrations of other heavy metals (exclusive of Cr) exceeded the background values of environmental elements in beach soils of Jiangsu Province. The coastal zones in Jiangsu Province in 2020 experienced light pollution and exhibited a slight level of potential ecological risk. Cd was at a level of severe pollution and strong potential ecological risk, while other heavy metals were at a level of mild pollution and slight potential ecological risk. High concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were observed in Haizhou Bay and the Yangtze River estuary. Compared with 2013, the pollution levels of Cd and Zn in coastal zones of Jiangsu Province were more severe in 2020. Heavy metal elements were positively correlated with the average particle size, with the strongest positive correlation with clay. Source apportionment study indicated that heavy metals were originated from four primary sources categories: 1. transportation, shipping, and industrial emissions (Pb and Zn); 2. agricultural production activities and domestic sewage (As and Cd); 3. soil parent material, atmospheric dry and wet deposition (Cr and Hg); and 4. aquaculture production activities (Cu). Compared with the APCS-MLR model, the PMF model demonstrated a relatively weaker explanatory power for the natural sources of heavy metals in the surface sediments of coastal zones of Jiangsu Province. The results of APCS-MLR model indicated that the contribution of the four identified source categories were 27.30%, 35.55%, 31.22%, and 5.93%, respectively. The results shall have important implications for the protection of the coastal ecological environment and the sustainable development in the marine economy of Jiangsu Province.
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表 1 重金属评价指标的等级划分
Table 1. Classification of evaluation indexes of heavy metals
CF PLI 污染程度 NI 污染程度 
单因子潜在生态风险程度 RI 综合潜在生态风险程度 ≤1 ≤1 清洁 ≤0.7 清洁 ≤40 轻微 ≤150 轻微 1～2 1～2 轻度 0.7～1 警戒 40～80 中等 150～300 中等 2～3 2～3 中度 1～2 轻度 80～160 强 300～600 强 ≥3 ≥3 重度 2～3 中度 160～320 很强 ≥600 很强 \ \ \ ≥3 重度 ≥320 极强 \ \ 注：“\”为无数据。 
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表 2 江苏海域与中国典型海域表层沉积物中重金属均值含量对比
Table 2. Comparison in average concentration of heavy metal in surface sediment of coastal zones in Jiangsu Province and typical sea in China
mg/kg
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表 3 江苏近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属因子分析结果
Table 3. Factor analysis results of heavy metals in surface sediments of coastal zones in Jiangsu Province
因子 特征值 方差贡献率/% 累积方差贡献率/% 1 2.20 31.48 31.48 2 1.58 22.61 54.09 3 0.99 14.15 68.24 4 0.82 11.64 79.88 5 0.60 8.60 88.48 6 0.45 6.49 94.97 7 0.35 5.03 100
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