注水工艺对海域咸水层二氧化碳封存能力的影响

杨浦; 方小宇; 王子雯; 黄仕锐; 吕言新; 杨博

doi:10.16028/j.1009-2722.2024.237

注水工艺对海域咸水层二氧化碳封存能力的影响

1.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（湛江），湛江 524000

2.
青岛市海洋地质碳封存重点实验室，青岛 266237

3.
青岛市海洋地质碳封存工程研究中心，青岛 266237

4.
海洋地质碳封存山东省工程研究中心，青岛 266237

5.
海南省海洋地质调查研究院，海口 570000

6.
西南石油大学机电工程学院，成都 610500

基金项目: 湛江市科技计划项目“粤西近海盆地规模化CO₂封存场址优选及工程规划方案研究”（2022A01061）；海南省重点研发项目“琼东南盆地天然气水合物资源评价与目标优选”（ZDYF2023GXJS008）

详细信息

作者简介: 杨浦（1996—），男，硕士，主要从事海洋油气开发工程和CO₂地质封存方面的研究工作. E-mail：stu_yp@163.com

通讯作者: 方小宇（1982—），男，硕士，正高级工程师，主要从事油气地质与CO₂地质封存方面的研究工作. E-mail：fangxy@zjblab.com

中图分类号: P736, TE53

收稿日期: 2024-10-11

刊出日期: 2025-03-28

The impact of water injection simulation on CO₂ storage capacity in offshore saline aquifers

1.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524057, China

2.
Qingdao Key Laboratory of Offshore CO₂ Geological Storage, Qingdao 266237, China

3.
Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Offshore CO₂ Geological Storage, Qingdao 266237, China

4.
Shandong Engineering Research Center of Offshore CO₂ Geological Storage, Qingdao 266237, China

5.
Marine Geological Institute of Hainan Province, Hainan Geological Bureau, Haikou 570000, China

6.
College of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

More Information

Corresponding author: FANG Xiaoyu, fangxy@zjblab.com

Received Date: 11 October 2024

Publish Date: 28 March 2025

摘要

摘要:
连续或交替向咸水层注水能够加速CO₂溶解并提高CO₂咸水层封存安全性，同时也会干扰CO₂羽流空间发展从而间接影响地层实际封存能力，目前，工程方案对此问题的考虑还较少。本文模拟了开放式咸水层单井注气作业条件下，多种注水方案以及关键工艺参数对封存安全性和地层实际封存能力的影响。结果表明，注气开始后一段时间内通过在注气井段上方持续注水能够显著提高CO₂封存强度，增加地层实际封存能力，开始注水时刻越晚，封存强度提升作用越小；同步注水速率越大，实际封存能力提升越明显；停止注气后继续延长注水时间对实际封存能力的影响需要结合实际工况讨论；在注水总量一定的前提下，注气阶段高速率注水比低速率延长时间注水对实际封存能力的提升效果更好；随着注水层位与底部注气层位间距的减小，注水对实际封存能力的提升作用增强；注水还能够有效降低注入井附近地层中CO₂的饱和度，有利于降低井筒泄露风险。
- CO₂地质封存 /
- 注水工艺 /
- 封存能力 /
- 封存安全性 /
- 工艺参数
Abstract:
Continuous or alternating water injection into saline aquifers can accelerate CO₂ dissolution and increase the safety of CO₂ storage. However, the hydrodynamic effect may interfere with the development of CO₂ plumes, affecting indirectly the actual storage capacity of the aquifer, to which available engineering solution remain very limited. We studied the potential water injection strategies and the influence of key operational parameters on the storage safety and capacity during CO₂ injection using a single well in an open saline aquifer. Results show that continuous water injection above the gas injection layer after a certain period could enhance significantly the storage intensity and increase the capacity. The early the water injection starts, the better the results. The storage capacity increases with the increase in water injection rate during gas injection. The temporal effect of water injection post gas injection on storage capacity needs to be evaluated case by case. Under a given total water injection volume, high-rate water injection during gas injection is more effective to enhance the storage capacity than low-rate and prolonged water injection. Reducing the spatial interval between the water injection layer and gas injection layer could enhance the actual storage capacity. Meanwhile, water injection could effectively reduce the CO₂ saturation near the injection well, and mitigate the risk of wellbore leakage.
- CO₂ geological storage /
- water injection /
- storage capacity /
- storage safety /
- operational parameters

HTML全文

图 1 咸水层中CO₂羽流发展演变过程

Figure 1.

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图 2 数值模型及网格剖分

Figure 2.

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图 3 基准工况不同时刻羽流分布范围对比

Figure 3.

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图 4 不同注水方案的封存强度变化

Figure 4.

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图 5 停止注气100 a后不同注水方案封存机理对比

Figure 5.

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图 6 方案1停止注气100 a后的羽流分布

Figure 6.

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图 7 方案1注气20 a并封存100 a后的羽流分布

Figure 7.

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图 8 不同注水参数下封存强度变化

Figure 8.

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图 9 溶解封存量随时间变化曲线

Figure 9.

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图 10 储层顶部羽流面积增长曲线

Figure 10.

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图 11 停止注气时过井剖面的羽流分布对比

Figure 11.

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表 1 注水方案对比

Table 1. Water injection schemes for simulation

方案编号	注水速率（水气质量比）	注水段	注水时机	注水时长/a
1	10	1	同步持续注水	10
2	10	1	注气1 a开始注水	10
3	10	1	注气2 a开始注水	10
4	10	1	注气5 a开始注水	10
5	10	1	停止注气开始注水	10
6	10	2	停止注气开始注水	10

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表 2 注水工艺参数设置

Table 2. Parameter setting for the simulation of water injection

方案编号	注水速率（水气质量比）	注水段位置	注水时长/a
7	1	同方案1	10
8	5	同方案1	10
9	5	同方案1	20
10	10	同方案1	20
11	10	减小10 m	10
12	10	减小20 m	10

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