Typical cases of global marine geological carbon storage and its implications for China
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摘要:
海洋地质碳封存作为二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）的应用场景之一，是沿海地区实现碳减排的有效途径。本文通过全球海洋地质碳封存典型案例的解剖认为，中国海洋地质碳封存潜力大，下一步示范工程选址应重视目标级和场地级封存潜力评价，针对不同条件开展分类选址，并将地质风险监测贯穿示范工程始终。结合中国海域不同盆地CO2地质封存源汇匹配性和施工条件提出：海上油气田CO2伴生气咸水层封存项目是优先示范项目，CO2驱油气与封存协同项目具有现实应用价值，枯竭油气藏封存项目是示范工程的重要选择，全链条规模化海上咸水层封存项目是未来发展方向。
Abstract:As one of the application scenarios of CCUS, marine carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage is an effective way to achieve carbon emission reduction in coastal areas. Based on the analysis of typical cases of global marine CO2 geological storage, this paper believes that China has great potential for CO2 storage. In the next step, the site selection of pilot projects should pay attention to the evaluation of target-level and site-level sequestration potential, carry out classified site selection according to different conditions, and monitor geological risks throughout the pilot projects. According to the source-sink match of CO2 geological storage in different basins in China's sea area and the construction conditions, the following is proposed: The CO2 associated gas storage project in offshore oil and gas fields is a type of priority pilot project, and the cooperation between CO2 enhanced oil/gas recovery and storage has practical application value. The storage project of depleted oil and gas reservoirs is an important choice for pilot projects, and the whole-chain large-scale offshore saline aquifer CO2 reservoir storage project is the future development direction.
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Key words:
- marine geology /
- CO2 storage /
- saline aquifer /
- depleted oil and gas reservoirs /
- CCUS
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表 1 全球主要海洋地质碳封存示范工程一览表
Table 1. Major global pilot projects marine CO2 geological storage
序号 项目名称 示范内容 规划/投运年份 规模/（万t/a） 2024年状态 CO2源 封存/利用方式 1 中国EP15-1 海上伴生气 咸水层 2021年启动，2023年灌注 约30 运行中 2 挪威Sleipner 海上伴生气 咸水层 1996年投运 100 运行中 3 挪威Snøhvit 海上伴生气 咸水层 2008年投运 70 已结束 4 挪威Northern Lights 陆上工业气 咸水层 150～500 规划中 5 巴西Lula 海上伴生气 CO2-EOR驱油 2011年投运 300 运行中 6 荷兰Porthos 陆上工业气 枯竭气藏 250 规划中 7 荷兰K12-B 海上伴生气 枯竭油气层 2004—2017年 2 已结束 8 荷兰ATHOS 陆上工业气 枯竭气藏 2030年建成 750 规划中 9 英国Net Zero Teesside 陆上工业气 咸水层/枯竭油气藏 2026年投运 1 000 规划中 10 英国Acorn 陆上工业气 枯竭油气藏 500 规划中 11 英国亨伯Viking 陆上工业气 枯竭气田 2027年投运 1 000 规划中 12 英国东海岸CCS集群 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 2027年投运 2 300 规划中 13 英国HyNet集群 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 1 000 规划中 14 英国Peterhead 陆上工业气 枯竭气藏 100 已暂停 15 英国White Rose 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 2013—2015年 200 已终止 16 英国Don Valley 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 2015年 500 已终止 17 美国休斯顿 Ship Channel 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 5 000～10 000 规划中 18 美国得克萨斯州CCS项目 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 600～3 500 规划中 19 澳大利亚Gorgon 海上伴生气 近枯竭气藏 2004、2005年两次试验 160 运行中 20 澳大利亚CarbonNet 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 2030年投运 500 规划中 21 马来西亚Kasawari 陆上工业气 海底油田 330 规划中 22 日本Tomakomai 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 2016—2019年 10 已结束 23 中国大亚湾CCS/CCUS集群项目 陆上工业气 海底咸水层 2022年6月启动 300～1 000 规划中 24 丹麦Greensand 枯竭油气田 150 规划中 25 英国QICS 海底咸水层 2010—2013年 已终止 26 英国ETI MMV 海底咸水层 2014—2018年 已终止 27 英国STEMM-CCS 海底咸水层 2016—2020年 已终止 注：CCS代表CO2捕集与封存；CCUS代表CO2捕集、利用与封存。 
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