Research on efficiency of CO2 geological storage in saline aquifers in clastic rock reservoirs in Xihu Sag, East China Sea
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摘要:
中国海域咸水层二氧化碳地质封存潜力巨大。但目前已有的效率因子取值差异大，使得有效封存量难以落实。为进一步提高有效封存量估算的准确性及区域适用性，本文通过系统梳理影响效率因子的关键因素，对比优选出普遍适用的效率因子计算方法。综合运用地震、钻井、测井及岩芯分析数据，采用统计学方法进行参数优化，以此提高计算的精度及准确性，并基于不同数据基础给出一套效率因子筛选计算流程。以东海西湖凹陷碎屑岩咸水层为例，分析结果表明，东海西湖凹陷中新统玉泉组及龙井组咸水层为碎屑岩沉积，砂体厚度大且发育多套储盖组合。其中，三角洲平原心滩优势沉积微相对二氧化碳地质封存最为有利，玉泉组效率因子为6.9%，相较于龙井组高2.9%。应用效率因子估算东海西湖凹陷玉泉组和龙井组咸水层有效封存量为8.2亿t，西部斜坡带玉泉组封存潜力最大，为东海西湖凹陷二氧化碳地质封存首选封存场址，可作为二氧化碳地质封存先行试验区。
Abstract:Potential for geological carbon dioxide storage in saline aquifers in Chinese maritime territories is substantial. However, considerable disparities in storage efficiency complicated the determination of the effective storage capacity. To enhance the accuracy and regional applicability of effective storage capacity estimation, we reviewed the key factors influencing efficiency coefficients and identified globally applicable methods for the calculation. By integrating seismic, drilling, logging, and core data, we employed statistical techniques for parameter optimization, with which both precision and accuracy of the calculations were improved. Additionally, we proposed a workflow from selecting and calculating efficiency coefficients based on various data sources. The saline water in clastic rocks in the Xihu sag, East China Sea was studied as the case. Results show that saline water in the Yuquan Formation and Longjing Formation are characterized by rich sand bodies with large thickness and multiple sets of reservoir-caprock. Among them, delta plain channel bar deposits are favorable microfacies for CO2 sequestration. Specifically, the storage efficiency of the Yuquan Formation is 6.9%, which is 2.9% higher than that of the Longjing Formation. Based on the storage efficiency, we estimated that the effective storage capacity of the saline aquifers in the Yuquan and Longjing formations in the Xihu Sag is approximately 820 million tons. The Yuquan Formation in the western slope zone exhibits the highest storage potential and could be the optimal place for CO2 sequestration in the Xihu Sag, and can be also considered a good candidate of a pilot area for CO2 sequestration.
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表 1 不同封存效率因子研究方法对比
Table 1. Comparison of research methods for different storage efficiency
计算方法 封存机理 效率因子 主控因素 效率因子取值/% 评价方法 边界类型 适用规模 USDOE 2007 构造、束缚、
溶解、矿化封存
无 1～4 体积法 开放边界 目标区级 2010 岩性 1.2～4.1 CSLF 2007 束缚、溶解封存 
相渗特征 基于数值模拟 体积法 开放系统 目标区级 USGS 2010 构造、束缚封存 
、
封存机理 构造机理10～60
束缚机理1～15体积法 开放系统 目标区级 2013 渗透率 1.4～22.0 IEA 2009 构造、束缚、
溶解、矿化封存
沉积环境、岩性 1.9～3.3 体积法 开放系统 场地级 ZHOU等 2008 岩石及流体压缩性 
压缩性、压力 0.08～0.75 压缩系数法 封闭系统 场地级 沈平平等 2009 束缚、溶解封存 
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封存机理 — 封存机理表征法 开放系统 盆地级 注：本表中适用规模分类采用国内分类标准；USDOE引用文献[8，20，26]，CSLF引用文献[8，25]，USGS引用文献[8，22，26]，IEA引用文献[8，25，26]，ZHOU等引用文献[8，12]，沈平平等引用文献[24]。 
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表 2 USDOE和IEA地质参数取值
Table 2. Geological parameter value of USDOE and IEA
地质参数 USDOE IEA 
0.2～0.8 — 
0.2～0.75 0.21～0.76 
0.6～0.95 0.64～0.77 注：表格数据引用文献[8]。
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表 3 不同岩相驱替效率取值表
Table 3. The values of displacement efficiency in different lithofacies
置信区间/% 碎屑岩 白云岩 灰岩 Ev×d=EV×Ed P10 7.4 16 10 P50 14 21 15 P90 24 26 21 E（USDOE） P10 0.51 0.64 0.4 P50 2 2.2 1.5 P90 5.4 5.5 4.1 注：表格数据引用文献[8]。
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表 4 玉泉组和龙井组优势沉积微相二氧化碳封存效率因子
Table 4. Storage efficiency coefficients of dominant sedimentary microfacies in the Yuquan and Longjing formations
层系 沉积亚相 优势微相 EA Eh Eϕ E/% 玉泉组 三角洲平原 心滩 0.75 0.63 0.77 6.90 三角洲前缘 边滩 0.68 0.56 0.69 3.71 前三角洲 远砂坝 0.34 0.41 0.31 1.14 龙井组 三角洲平原 心滩 0.69 0.61 0.68 4.00 三角洲前缘 边滩 0.62 0.47 0.57 2.33 前三角洲 远砂坝 0.21 0.33 0.26 0.25
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表 5 西湖凹陷咸水层二氧化碳有效封存量及丰度计算结果
Table 5. Estimation on the effective capacity and sequestration abundance in saline aquafers of the Xihu Sag
评价单元 层系 优势微相面积/
km2有效封存量/
106 t有效封存丰度/
（104 t/km2）西部斜坡带 玉泉组 8674 351.3 4.05 龙井组 9936 116.6 1.17 三潭深凹 玉泉组 2485 44.2 1.78 龙井组 1988 11.8 0.59 中央背斜带 玉泉组 6748 133.6 1.98 龙井组 7461 48.4 0.65 东部断阶带 玉泉组 6322 83.4 1.32 龙井组 5690 31.4 0.55
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