Characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus in soils and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in different habitats of Yellow River Delta
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摘要:
为揭示黄河三角洲湿地不同生境下碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）含量及其生态化学计量学特征，以黄河原流经区域——刁口故道区域湿地裸滩、养殖区、芦苇湿地、柽柳湿地、碱蓬湿地及耕地共6种生境为研究对象，测定表层土壤基本理化性质、碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量特征。结果显示：①土壤C和N的质量分数基本表现为耕地＞芦苇湿地＞柽柳湿地＞养殖区＞裸滩，耕地的土壤C和N平均质量分数最高，分别为6.1和1.1 g/kg。而6种生境中土壤P的质量分数差距不大，峰值为1.03 g/kg。②不同生境土壤C、N、P之间回归拟合程度中，相较于N和P以及C和P，C与N的拟合程度较高；③土壤生态化学计量较其他典型湿地明显减少，且N/P显著低于全国平均水平。④土壤环境因子对C、N和P及其计量比存在一定的影响，其中土壤C与密度呈显著负相关，土壤P与含水率呈显著负相关，土壤C/P和N/P均与密度呈负相关。研究结果表明，刁口故道区域自黄河改道以来，大面积养殖池和耕地等人工湿地的开发对湿地生态化学计量等生态特征产生了一定影响，养分含量有一定程度降低，对了解湿地不同生境的土壤C、N、P及其生态化学计量比差异与调控因素具有重要意义，为湿地生态系统的保护和恢复提供科学依据。
Abstract:To investigate the spatial patterns of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in soil s and their ecological stoichiometry in the Yellow River Delta wetlands, we analyzed topsoil physicochemical properties, elemental concentrations, and stoichiometric ratios across six distinct habitats: bare tidal flat, breeding ponds, phragmites australis wetlands, tamarix chinensis wetlands, suaeda glauca wetlands, and cultivated lands in the former Yellow River-Diaokou wetland area. Key findings include: ① Soil C and N concentrations exhibited significant habitat-specific variations, ranked as follows: cultivated land ＞ phragmites australis wetland ＞ tamarix chinensis wetland ＞ breeding ponds ＞ bare tidal flat. Cultivated land displayed the highest mean C (6.1 g/kg) and N (1.1 g/kg) concentrations. In contrast, soil P concentrations showed minimal variation across habitats, peaking at 1.03 g/kg. ② Regression analyses revealed stronger correlations between soil C and N compared to C-P and N-P relationships across habitats. ③ Ecological stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P) in these wetlands were significantly lower than those in other typical wetland ecosystems, with soil N/P ratios notably below the average value of China. ④ Environmental drivers differentially influenced elemental distributions: soil C correlated negatively with bulk density, while soil P correlated negatively with moisture content. Both C/P and N/P ratios exhibited inverse relationships with bulk density. These findings highlight that anthropogenic activities, particularly large-scale aquaculture in the Diaokou old channel area after the Yellow River diversion, have altered wetland stoichiometric characteristics and reduced nutrient retention capacity. This study provides critical insights into habitat-specific biogeochemical patterns and their regulatory mechanisms, offering a scientific foundation for wetland conservation and ecological restoration.
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Key words:
- Yellow River Delta wetland /
- different habitats /
- C、N、P /
- ecological stoichiometry
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表 1 不同生境土壤物理特征
Table 1. Soil physical characteristics of different habitats
黄河三角洲湿地不同生境 土壤密度/（g/cm3） 电导率/（mS/cm） 含水量/% 裸滩 2.57±0.15a 7.72±4.57a 24.34±1.28a 养殖区 2.41±0.16a 7.05±3.99a 27.14±3.16a 芦苇湿地 2.06±0.27b 1.48±0.93b 26.56±8.07a 柽柳湿地 2.12±0.31b 1.68±1.12b 19.25±8.99ab 碱蓬湿地 1.99±0.06b 4.00±3.46ab 11.67±4.50b 耕地 1.87±0.12b 0.95±1.31b 12.42±4.78b 注：表中数据为平均值±标准误差，同列不同的小写字母表示各生境间土壤物理性质差异显著，（p＜0.05），下同。 
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表 2 不同地区土壤养分平均含量及生态化学计量比特征
Table 2. Soil nutrient content and ecological stoichiometry in different regions
地区 C/（g/kg） N/（g/kg） P/（g/kg） C/N C/P N/P 本研究 3.68 0.55 0.76 8.29 12.18 1.53 黄河三角洲湿地[11] 16.60 0.64 0.67 43.9 64.5 2.0 闽江河口[32] 17.02 1.02 0.74 26.0 67.7 3.2 平潭海岸带[33] 44.08 4.04 0.288 10.9 153.0 14.03 辽河口[18] 25.11 1.98 0.06 12.68 418.5 32.34 全国[29] 10 0.65 0.56 11.9 61 5.2 全球[34] / / / 14.3 186 13.1 注：“/”为无数据。
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