Shrinkage reasons and countermeasures of Moon Lake area in the eastern part of Bashang Plateau, Chengde City
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摘要: 承德坝上高原位于我国北方生态脆弱区，近年来正面临着自然湖泊面积萎缩和局部地下水位下降等问题。为查明坝上高原东部月亮湖萎缩原因，更好服务生态环境支撑区建设，笔者在野外调查和资料收集分析基础上，对坝上高原地区的生态环境变化和月亮湖萎缩原因进行了详细研究，初步认为：（1）1975—1993年为月亮湖水面面积较快增长期，1993年湖面面积最大，为0.43 km2；1993—2013年为缓慢萎缩期，2013年之后为较快萎缩期；（2）年际尺度上月亮湖区降水量和蒸发量都呈增加趋势，但因温度升高和下垫面条件改变引起的蒸发量增加趋势更明显；（3）人类活动对湖泊面积影响作用也不容忽视，人工林面积增加、旅游开发后的道路硬化、地下水开采和牲畜饮水增多可能也是湖泊快速萎缩的重要原因。建议坝上高原地区未来发展节水型生态旅游，同时实施湖区及周边地区地下水禁限采，强化水源涵养保护。Abstract: The Bashang Plateau of Chengde City is located in an ecologically fragile area in the north of China. In recent years, it is facing the problems of natural lake shrinking and local groundwater level declining. In order to find out the reason of the shrinkage of Moon Lake in the eastern part of the Bashang Plateau, and to better serve the ecological environment supporting capacity construction, the authors had systematically analyzed the ecological environment changes in the region and the reasons for the shrinkage of Moon Lake based on field investigation and detailed data analysis. We found that:(1) The water surface area of Moon Lake was a period of rapid growth from 1975 to 1993, and the largest area in 1993 at 0.43 km2, it was a slow shrinkage period from 1993 to 2013 and a faster shrinkage period after 2013.(2) On the interannual scale, rainfall and evaporation are all increasing in the Moon Lake area, however, the increase in evaporation caused by temperature rise and changes in underlying surface conditions is more obvious. (3)The impact of human activities on the lake area cannot be ignored, and the area of artificial forests has increased, the road hardening after tourist, groundwater extraction and increased drinking water for horses after tourism development that may be the important reasons for the rapid shrinkage of the lake. (4) It is recommended that the Bashang Plateau area develops water-saving eco-tourism in the future, and at the same time, implements some restrictions on groundwater extraction to strengthen water conservation and protection. in the lake and surrounding areas.
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Key words:
- lake shrinkage /
- eco-environment /
- Moon Lake /
- Bashang plateau /
- ecologically fragile area
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