Study on water inrush failure mode of karst tunnel based on three-dimensional discrete-continuous coupling
-
摘要:
岩溶隧道在修建的过程中难以避免接近溶腔甚至高承压水溶腔，而突水破坏极易引发安全事故甚至对隧道产生不可逆的影响，因此对岩溶隧道突水破坏模式的研究有利于解决相关安全问题，并对选线安全具有一定参照意义。通过三维离散-连续耦合数值技术，对微观离散颗粒物理、力学参数进行标定并验证，模拟水压作用下下伏溶腔与隧道仰拱之间的防突岩体垮塌过程。根据试验结果将防突岩体的破坏模式分为3类：剪切破坏模式、弯折破坏模式和复合破坏模式。弯折破坏模式表现为防突岩体中部和两端拉伸裂缝呈贯通状；剪切破坏模式表现为防突岩体两端裂缝呈剪切态；复合破坏模式则同时具有二者的共同特性。3种破坏模式所引起的裂缝发育规律相似，均可分为初始发育、快速发育和平缓发育3个阶段。初始发育阶段时防突岩体所存在的裂缝数量较少；维持水压力防突岩体的裂缝数量突增并进入快速发育阶段；而后防突岩体中的裂缝产生贯通效果进入平缓发育阶段，最终防突岩体整体垮塌。由此得出结论：突水破坏在岩溶隧道中是一个渐变的过程，但对岩溶隧道总体安全性有不可逆的影响。
Abstract:During the construction of karst tunnel, it is difficult to avoid approaching the cavern, even high pressure water cavern. Water inrush damage very easily causes safety accidents and would have irreversible impact on the tunnel. The study on damage mode is conducive to solving problems related to karst tunnel safety and has certain significance for the safety of route selection. In this study, the physical and mechanical parameters of micro-discrete particles are calibrated and verified by a three-dimensional discrete-continuous coupling numerical technology, and the important process of rock-burst collapse prevention between the underlying solution cavity and the tunnel invert under water pressure is simulated. The results show that the failure modes of outburst prevention rock mass are divided into three types: shear failure mode, bending failure mode, and composite failure mode. The bending failure mode indicates that the tensile cracks in the middle and both ends of the outburst prevention rock mass are in the form of penetration; the shear failure mode shows that the cracks at both ends of the outburst prevention rock mass are in the shear state; while the composite failure mode has the common characteristics of both. The fracture development rules caused by the three failure modes are similar and can be divided into three stages: initial development, rapid development, and gentle development. At the stage of initial development, the number of cracks in the rock body is small; the number of cracks in the rock mass maintaining water pressure and preventing outburst suddenly increases and enters the stage of rapid development; after that, the crack in the outburst prevention rock mass connect and then enter the stage of gentle development, ultimately, leading to the overall collapse of the outburst prevention rock mass. Thus, this study indicates that water inrush damage is a gradual process in karst tunnels, but it has an irreversible impact on the overall safety of karst tunnels.
-
Key words:
- karst tunnel /
- water inrush /
- rock bar /
- discrete-continuous coupling
-
-
表 1 工程实际围岩物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of actual surrounding rock
参数 杨氏模量/GPa 泊松比 黏聚力/MPa 摩擦角/（°） 密度/(kg·m−3) 取值 6 0.2 1.8 40 2600 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 三轴压缩试验颗粒参数
Table 2. Particle parameters in the triaxial compression test
参数 最小粒径/mm 粒径比 颗粒密度/(kg·m−3) 孔隙率 加载应变速率 取值 1 1.66 2500 0.3 0.005
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 围岩参数标定结果
Table 3. Calibration parameters of surrounding rock
颗粒微观参数 黏结有效模量/ GPa 有效模量/GPa 黏结刚度比 刚度比 平行黏结内摩擦角/（°） 摩擦系数 平行黏结抗拉强度/MPa 平行黏结黏聚力/MPa 5 5 4 4 40 0.5 3 3 对应宏观参数 内摩擦角/（°） 黏聚力/MPa 泊松比 弹性模量/GPa 37.04 1.94 0.21 6.11
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 钟祖良,高国富,刘新荣,等. 地下采动下含深大裂隙岩溶山体变形响应特征[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(4):97 − 106. [ZHONG Zuliang,GAO Guofu,LIU Xinrong,et al. Deformation response characteristics of karst mountains with deep and large fissures under the condition of underground mining[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(4):97 − 106. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZHONG Zuliang, GAO Guofu, LIU Xinrong, et al . Deformation response characteristics of karst mountains with deep and large fissures under the condition of underground mining[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020 ,47 （4 ）:97 −106 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[2] 曾斌, 陈植华, 邵长杰,等. 基于地下水流系统理论的岩溶隧道涌突水来源及路径分析[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(1):99 − 108. [ZENG Bin, CHEN Zhihua, SHAO Changjie, et al. Analysis of source and path of water inrush in karst tunnel based on the theory of groundwater flow system[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022,41(1):99 − 108.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
ZENG Bin, CHEN Zhihua, SHAO Changjie, et al . Analysis of source and path of water inrush in karst tunnel based on the theory of groundwater flow system[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022 ,41 （1 ）:99 −108 .（in Chinese with English abstract）[3] 颜慧明, 常威, 郭绪磊, 等. 岩溶水流系统识别方法及其在引调水工程隧洞选线中的应用[J]. 地质科技通报,2022,41(1):127 − 136. [YAN Huiming, CHANG Wei, GUO Xulei, et al. Identification of the karst water flow system and its application in the tunnel line selection of water diversion projects[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022,41(1):127 − 136.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
YAN Huiming, CHANG Wei, GUO Xulei, et al . Identification of the karst water flow system and its application in the tunnel line selection of water diversion projects[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022 ,41 （1 ）:127 −136 .（in Chinese with English abstract）[4] 李华明,张永辉,胡志平,等. 峨汉高速庙子坪隧道岩溶发育特征及工程效应分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2022,33(1):92 − 98. [LI Huaming,ZHANG Yonghui,HU Zhiping,et al. Analysis of Karst development characteristics and influence of Miaoziping tunnel in E-Han expressway[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2022,33(1):92 − 98. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LI Huaming, ZHANG Yonghui, HU Zhiping, et al . Analysis of Karst development characteristics and influence of Miaoziping tunnel in E-Han expressway[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2022 ,33 （1 ）:92 −98 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[5] 段天宇, 成建梅, 段勇, 等. 隧洞突涌水指示西南岩溶大泉成因关系及水环境效应分析[J]. 地质科技通报,2023,42(4):183 − 193. [DUAN Tianyu, CHENG Jianmei, DUAN Yong, et al. Indications of tunnel water inrush to the origin of large karst springs in Southwest China and water environmental effects[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023,42(4):183 − 193.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
DUAN Tianyu, CHENG Jianmei, DUAN Yong, et al . Indications of tunnel water inrush to the origin of large karst springs in Southwest China and water environmental effects[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2023 ,42 （4 ）:183 −193 .（in Chinese with English abstract）[6] YAN Changbin,XU Guoyuan,ZUO Yujun. Destabilization analysis of overlapping underground chambers induced by blasting vibration with catastrophe theory[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2006,16(3):735 − 740. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(06)60130-1
[7] 刘波,肖红飞. 隧道下伏溶洞顶板安全厚度确定方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报,2019,29(4):104 − 111. [LIU Bo,XIAO Hongfei. Method for determining safe thickness of cave roofs under a tunnel[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2019,29(4):104 − 111. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LIU Bo, XIAO Hongfei . Method for determining safe thickness of cave roofs under a tunnel[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2019 ,29 （4 ）:104 −111 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[8] 周栋梁,邹金锋. 岩溶区分岔隧道底板的安全厚度[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(5):1886 − 1892. [ZHOU Dongliang,ZOU Jinfeng. Safe thickness of floor of forked tunnel in Karst areas[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2015,46(5):1886 − 1892. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2015.05.042
ZHOU Dongliang, ZOU Jinfeng . Safe thickness of floor of forked tunnel in Karst areas[J]. Journal of Central South University （Science and Technology）,2015 ,46 （5 ）:1886 −1892 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[9] HUANG Xin,LI Shucai,XU Zhenhao,et al. An attribute recognition model for safe thickness assessment between concealed Karst cave and tunnel[J]. Journal of Central South University,2019,26(4):955 − 969. doi: 10.1007/s11771-019-4063-1
[10] MEGUID M A,DANG H K. The effect of erosion voids on existing tunnel linings[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(3):278 − 286. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2008.09.002
[11] 江学良,曹平,杨慧,等. 水平应力与裂隙密度对顶板安全厚度的影响[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(1):211 − 216. [JIANG Xueliang,CAO Ping,YANG Hui,et al. Effect of horizontal stress and rock crack density on roof safety thickness of underground area[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2009,40(1):211 − 216. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
JIANG Xueliang, CAO Ping, YANG Hui, et al . Effect of horizontal stress and rock crack density on roof safety thickness of underground area[J]. Journal of Central South University （Science and Technology）,2009 ,40 （1 ）:211 −216 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[12] 李浪,陈显波,程金星,等. 深长隧道突涌水灾害防突岩盘模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2020,39(增刊2):3278-3285. [LI Lang,CHEN Xianbo,CHENG Jinxing,et al. Model test to investigate waterproof-resistant slab for water inrush geohazards in deep buried and long tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2020,39(Sup 2):3278-3285. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LI Lang, CHEN Xianbo, CHENG Jinxing, et al. Model test to investigate waterproof-resistant slab for water inrush geohazards in deep buried and long tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2020, 39（Sup 2）: 3278-3285. （in Chinese with English abstract） [13] 肖喜,赵晓彦,张巨峰,等. 岩溶隧道涌突水破坏模式分类及防突厚度研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2022,30(2):459 − 474. [XIAO Xi,ZHAO Xiaoyan,ZHANG Jufeng,et al. Classification of water inrush failure mode and rock thickness for preventing water inrush in Karst tunnels[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2022,30(2):459 − 474. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
XIAO Xi, ZHAO Xiaoyan, ZHANG Jufeng, et al . Classification of water inrush failure mode and rock thickness for preventing water inrush in Karst tunnels[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2022 ,30 （2 ）:459 −474 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[14] 黄鑫. 隧道突水突泥致灾系统与充填溶洞间歇型突水突泥灾变机理[D]. 济南:山东大学,2019. [HUANG Xin. Water and Mud Inrush Hazard-Causing System and Disaster Mechanism of Intermittent Type of Water and Mud Inrush of Filled Karst Cave in Tunnel[D]. Jinan: Shandong University,2019]. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
HUANG Xin. Water and Mud Inrush Hazard-Causing System and Disaster Mechanism of Intermittent Type of Water and Mud Inrush of Filled Karst Cave in Tunnel[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2019]. （in Chinese with English abstract） [15] 徐爽,朱浮声,张俊. 离散元法及其耦合算法的研究综述[J]. 力学与实践,2013,35(1):8 − 14. [XU Shuang,ZHU Fusheng,ZHANG Jun. A overview of the discrete element method and its coupling algorithms[J]. Mechanics in Engineering,2013,35(1):8 − 14. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.6052/1000-0879-12-269
XU Shuang, ZHU Fusheng, ZHANG Jun . A overview of the discrete element method and its coupling algorithms[J]. Mechanics in Engineering,2013 ,35 （1 ）:8 −14 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[16] 谭鑫,胡政博,冯龙健,等. 软土中碎石桩模型试验的三维离散-连续介质耦合数值模拟[J]. 岩土工程学报,2021,43(2):347 − 355. [TAN Xin,HU Zhengbo,FENG Longjian,et al. Three-dimensional discrete-continuous coupled numerical simulation of a single stone column in soft soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2021,43(2):347 − 355. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.11779/CJGE202102015
TAN Xin, HU Zhengbo, FENG Longjian, et al . Three-dimensional discrete-continuous coupled numerical simulation of a single stone column in soft soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2021 ,43 （2 ）:347 −355 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[17] 严琼,吴顺川,周喻,等. 基于连续-离散耦合的边坡稳定性分析研究[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(增刊2):47-56. [YAN Qiong,WU Shunchuan,ZHOU Yu,et al. Slope stability analysis based on technology of continuum-discrete coupling[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Sup 2):47-56. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
YAN Qiong, WU Shunchuan, ZHOU Yu, et al. Slope stability analysis based on technology of continuum-discrete coupling[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36（Sup 2）: 47-56. （in Chinese with English abstract） [18] 陈振华. 沉桩的离散-连续耦合数值分析[D]. 福州:福州大学,2013. [CHEN Zhenhua. Discrete-continuous coupling numerical analysis of pile sinking[D]. Fuzhou:Fuzhou University,2013. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
CHEN Zhenhua. Discrete-continuous coupling numerical analysis of pile sinking[D]. Fuzhou: Fuzhou University, 2013. （in Chinese with English abstract） [19] 叶成银,龚维明,周马生,等. 沉桩过程三维离散-连续耦合数值模拟分析研究[J]. 公路,2019,64(4):61 − 67. [YE Chengyin,GONG Weiming,ZHOU Masheng,et al. Three-dimensional discrete-continuous coupling numerical simulation analysis of pile sinking process[J]. Highway,2019,64(4):61 − 67. (in Chinese)]
YE Chengyin, GONG Weiming, ZHOU Masheng, et al . Three-dimensional discrete-continuous coupling numerical simulation analysis of pile sinking process[J]. Highway,2019 ,64 （4 ）:61 −67 . （in Chinese）[20] 刘波. 强夯的三维连续-离散耦合数值模拟[D]. 上海:同济大学,2018. [LIU Bo. Three-dimensional continuous-discrete coupling numerical simulation of dynamic compaction[D]. Shanghai:Tongji University,2018. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
LIU Bo. Three-dimensional continuous-discrete coupling numerical simulation of dynamic compaction[D]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2018. （in Chinese with English abstract） [21] 余宾赛. 基于离散-连续耦合方法的黄土隧道压力拱效应研究[D]. 西安:西安科技大学,2019. [YU Binsai. Study on pressure arch effect of loess tunnel based on discrete-continuous coupling method[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2019. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
YU Binsai. Study on pressure arch effect of loess tunnel based on discrete-continuous coupling method[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2019. （in Chinese with English abstract） [22] 徐国文,何川,汪耀,等. 层状软岩隧道围岩破坏的连续-离散耦合分析[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2018,53(5):966 − 973. [[XU Guowen,HE Chuan,WANG Yao,et al. Failure analysis on surrounding rock of soft-layered rock tunnel using coupled continuum-discrete model[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2018,53(5):966 − 973. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2018.05.013
[XU Guowen, HE Chuan, WANG Yao, et al . Failure analysis on surrounding rock of soft-layered rock tunnel using coupled continuum-discrete model[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2018 ,53 （5 ）:966 −973 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[23] 马亚丽娜,崔臻,盛谦,等. 正断层错动对围岩-衬砌体系响应影响的离散-连续耦合模拟研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2020,42(11):2088 − 2097. [MA Y,CUI Zhen,SHENG Qian,et al. Influences of normal fault dislocation on response of surrounding rock and lining system based on discrete-continuous coupling simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2020,42(11):2088 − 2097. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.11779/CJGE202011014
MA Y, CUI Zhen, SHENG Qian, et al . Influences of normal fault dislocation on response of surrounding rock and lining system based on discrete-continuous coupling simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2020 ,42 （11 ）:2088 −2097 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[24] 高峰,谭绪凯,陈晓宇,等. 基于离散-连续耦合方法的隧道压力拱特性研究[J]. 计算力学学报,2020,37(2):218 − 225. [GAO Feng,TAN Xukai,CHEN Xiaoyu,et al. Research on tunnel pressure arch based on coupled discrete and continuous method[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2020,37(2):218 − 225. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.7511/jslx20190427001
GAO Feng, TAN Xukai, CHEN Xiaoyu, et al . Research on tunnel pressure arch based on coupled discrete and continuous method[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2020 ,37 （2 ）:218 −225 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[25] 袁海平,王昱博. 基于连续-离散耦合方法的小间距深埋硐室合理间距研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发,2021,41(8):16 − 21. [YUAN Haiping,WANG Yubo. Research on reasonable spacing of small spacing deep-buried chamber based on continuous-discrete coupled method[J]. Mining Research and Development,2021,41(8):16 − 21. (in Chinese with English abstract)]
YUAN Haiping, WANG Yubo . Research on reasonable spacing of small spacing deep-buried chamber based on continuous-discrete coupled method[J]. Mining Research and Development,2021 ,41 （8 ）:16 −21 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[26] 刘波,杨亚刚. 基于离散裂隙网络与离散元耦合方法的礼让隧道岩体力学参数确定[J]. 科学技术与工程,2020,20(23):9567 − 9573. [LIU Bo,YANG Yagang. Determination of mechanical parameters on rock mass of Lirang tunnel based on discrete fracture network-discrete element method coupling technology[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2020,20(23):9567 − 9573. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2020.23.045
LIU Bo, YANG Yagang . Determination of mechanical parameters on rock mass of Lirang tunnel based on discrete fracture network-discrete element method coupling technology[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2020 ,20 （23 ）:9567 −9573 . （in Chinese with English abstract）[27] 胡杰,何满潮,李兆华,等. 基于三维离散-连续耦合方法的NPR锚索-围岩相互作用机理研究[J]. 工程力学,2020,37(7):27 − 34. [HU Jie,HE Manchao,LI Zhaohua,et al. Numerical study on npr cable-rock interaction using 3d discrete-continuous coupling method[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2020,37(7):27 − 34. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2019.07.0390
HU Jie, HE Manchao, LI Zhaohua, et al . Numerical study on npr cable-rock interaction using 3d discrete-continuous coupling method[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2020 ,37 （7 ）:27 −34 . （in Chinese with English abstract） -
图(12)
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 856
- PDF下载数: 37
- 施引文献: 0