Experimental study on seismic performance of composite reinforced structure with shock absorption and energy dissipation of potentially collapsedrock mass
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摘要:
地震区工程建设中崩塌危岩体的加固方式目前主要是锚固和支挡两类结构形式。加固结构与危岩体的连结都采用刚性连结，结构与危岩体之间几乎无变形能力，因此抗震性能较差。在地震作用下，特别是强震作用下极易破坏失效，造成崩塌灾害，在我国西南地震区工程中大量存在此类破坏现象。为解决目前加固结构存在的问题，设计了一种允许地震作用下危岩体能够有限度的变位、可以缓冲危岩体的地震冲击力、具有减震消能功能的崩塌危岩体复合加固结构，结构由锚杆（索）、减震锚头（一级消能）、连梁、支撑桩以及设于连梁与支撑桩之间的作为二级减震消能装置所组成。为验证复合加固结构的功效，除理论分析外，利用振动台进行与同等条件普通锚杆加固结构的物理模型对比试验。试验选用具有地区代表性的不同波形、幅值与频率的地震波作为输入波形。理论分析与试验结果表明：复合加固结构相较于无防护措施的同样崩塌体理论分析，其位移增长速度显著降低，累积位移幅度显著减小；相较于传统锚杆加固结构，所承受的拉力和压力显著减小；峰值加速度放大系数明显降低。证明复合加固结构利用自身的弹塑性变形以及阻尼力，有效抵御由于地震作用在危岩体上产生的动应力，有效转移了危岩体的冲击动能，减震消能作用明显，避免加固结构损坏，从而阻止崩塌灾害的发生，证明复合加固结构能够分层次地削弥小震、中震、大震时产生的地震能峰值。减震消能复合结构为地震区崩塌危岩体的加固提供了一种新的加固方案，对于提升地震区工程中崩塌危岩体的加固技术具有较大的现实意义。
Abstract:At present, there are two types of structures for strengthening dangerous rock mass in earthquake area construction: anchorage and retaining. The connection between the two types of reinforced structures and the dangerous rock mass is rigid with very limited deformation ability between the structure and unstable rock mass, which leads to the poor seismic performance of the structure. Under the seismic load especially when the magnitude of earthquake is strong, it is easy to fail and cause collapse disaster. This kind of damage phenomenon exists in a large number of seismic projects in southwest China. To solve the existing problems of the reinforced structure, a composite reinforced structure was designed in this study, and it allows the dangerous rock mass to be dislocated to a limited extent under the action of earthquakes, can buffer the seismic impact force of the dangerous rock mass, and has the function of shock absorption and energy dissipation. The structure is composed of anchor rod (cable), shock absorber anchor head (primary energy dissipation), connecting beam, supporting pile, and a secondary shock absorber and energy dissipation device between the connecting beam and supporting pile. To verify the effectiveness of the composite reinforced structure, besides theoretical analysis, a physical model comparison test on the common anchor reinforced structure under the same conditions is carried out by using a shaking table. Different seismic waves, amplitudes and frequencies, which are representative of the region, are selected as input seismic loadings. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the displacement growth rate and cumulative displacement amplitude of the composite reinforced structure decrease significantly comparing to conditon for the same collapse body without protective measures. Compared with the traditional bolt-reinforced structure, the tensile force and pressure are significantly reduced. The amplification coefficient of peak acceleration PGA also decreased significantly. It is proved that the composite reinforced structure can effectively resist the dynamic stress caused by the earthquake on the dangerous rock mass by using its own elastoplastic deformation and damping force, effectively transfer the impact kinetic energy of the dangerous rock mass, and significantly reduce the shock and energy dissipation, which greatly avoids the damage of the reinforced structure and prevents the occurrence of collapse disasters. It is proved that the composite reinforced structure can slice off the peak seismic energy generated by small, medium and large earthquakes in layers, and has a good effect on damping and energy dissipation. This technology provides a new reinforcement scheme for the collapse dangerous rock mass, and has great practical significance for improving the consolidation technology of potentially collapsed rock mass in seismic area.
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表 1 滑面目标参数和试验参数
Table 1. The target parameters and test parameters for sliding surface
类型 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/（°） 目标参数 11 16.0 试验参数 10.8 15.6 
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表 2 滑面相似材料的黏聚力表
Table 2. Cohesion of the similar materials for sliding surface
材料比例序号 石英砂∶滑石粉∶黄土∶甘油∶水 黏聚力/kPa A 8∶7∶1∶2∶2 8.80 B 8∶8∶1∶2∶1 38.40 C 9∶6∶1∶2∶2 44.35 D 10∶4∶2∶3∶1 8.49 E 6∶6∶3∶3∶2 10.80
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表 3 锚杆目标参数和试验参数
Table 3. Target parameters and test parameters of bolt
类型 极限抗拉强度/N 目标参数 1508.3 试验参数 1568.9
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表 4 消能构件位移参数
Table 4. Displacement parameters of energy dissipating components
试验参数/mm 目标参数/mm 一级消能器 59.17 58.5 二级消能器 31.30 30.4
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表 5 消能构件荷载参数
Table 5. Load parameters of energy dissipating member
试验参数/kN 目标参数/kN 一级消能器 2.11 2 二级消能器 4.38 4
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表 6 振动台模型试验加载制度
Table 6. Loading system of shaking table test
序号 加载波形 加载方向 振幅/g 持时/s 1 白噪声 x — 30 2 El Centro波 x 0.1 50 3 卧龙波 x 0.1 55 4 人工波 x 0.1 50 $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ 17 白噪声 x — 30 18 El Centro波 x 0.5 50 19 卧龙波 x 0.5 55 20 人工波 x 0.5 50 $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ $\vdots $ 25 白噪声 x — 30 26 El Centro波 x 0.7 50 27 卧龙波 x 0.7 55 28 人工波 x 0.7 50
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