Numerical analysis of site deformation and formation stress characteristics of Jingyang–Weinan active fault zone
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摘要:
西安地铁十号线穿越的泾阳—渭南断裂，该断裂为全新世活动断裂，黏滑发震与同震位错对地铁线路构成潜在安全威胁。为揭示泾阳—渭南断裂带黏滑发震和同震位错作用引起的场地形变与地层应力特征，以西安地铁十号线穿越泾阳—渭南断裂带为工程背景，建立断裂带场地同震位错与黏滑发震地质力学模型，考虑不同位错量及发震强度，开展断裂带场地形变及应力场特征的数值模拟分析。结果表明：同震位错下场地在断裂带附近上、下盘分别出现应力降低区和增强区，场地呈反“S”形差异沉降破坏，差异位移在断裂带处达到峰值且塑性区集中，上盘变形范围与塑性区分别为下盘的1.67倍和2.50倍；黏滑发震作用下场地在断裂带附近位移量及差异形变均达到峰值，大震时场地位移影响范围约为中震的6.50倍，且具有典型的上盘放大效应，远离断裂带时位移呈线性递减；大震时地表峰值加速度放大系数受影响范围为中震时1.14倍，场地呈“V”形剪切破坏，上盘塑性区范围约为中震时1.40倍，而下盘则为1.00倍。研究结果可为西安地铁线路穿越泾阳—渭南断裂带场地的抗震设防提供科学依据与参考借鉴。
Abstract:The Jingyang–Weinan Fault that Xi’an Metro Line 10 crosses is a Holocene active fault, and its future stick-slip earthquakes and coseismic dislocations pose a potential threat to the metro line. To reveal the deformation and stratum stress characteristics of the site caused by the stick-slip seismic and coseismic dislocations of the Jingyang–Weinan Fault zone, based on the Jingyang–Weinan fault zone crossed by Xi’an Metro Line 10, the geomechanical model of the fault zone site coseismic dislocations and stick-slip seismic was established, and the numerical simulation analysis of the stratum deformation and stress field characteristics of fault zone site was carried out considering different dislocation amounts and seismic intensity. The results show that under the coseismic dislocation, the stress reduction and strengthening zones appear in the hanging wall and footwall near the fault zone, and the site presents an inverse “S” shaped differential settlement failure. The differential displacement peaks at the fault zone, and the plastic zone is concentrated here. The deformation range and plastic zone of the hanging wall are 1.67 times and 2.50 times more than that of the footwall, respectively. The displacement and differential deformation of the site near the fault zone reach the peak value under the stick-slip earthquake. The influence range of the site displacement during the large earthquake is approximately 6.50 times more than that during the medium earthquake. It has a typical magnification effect on the hanging wall, and the displacement decreases linearly far away from the fault zone. The amplification factor of peak surface acceleration (PGA) in the large earthquake is 1.14 times more than that in the medium earthquake. The site shows “V” shear failure; the plastic zones of hanging wall and footwall in the large earthquake is about 1.40 times and 1.00 times larger than that in the medium earthquake, respectively. This study can provide a scientific basis for the seismic fortification of Xi’an Metro Line lines crossing the Jingyang–Weinan fault zone.
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表 1 地层土体材料参数表
Table 1. Material parameters of soils
材料类型 $ \gamma $ /（kN·m−3）$ E $ /MPa$ \mu $ $ c $ /kPa$ \varphi $ /（º）杂填土 17.1 10 0.33 10 30 黄土状土 17.1 20 0.38 26 18 黄土 17.5 30 0.33 30 20 古土壤 18.6 40 0.30 31 23 粉质黏土 19.4 45 0.32 32 25 粉质黏土夹砂层 20.2 58 0.31 20 26 
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表 2 断裂带接触面计算参数
Table 2. Calculation parameters of fracture zone contact surface
接触面名称 c/kPa $ \varphi $ /（°）$ K_{\mathrm{n}} $ /kPa$ K_{\mathrm{s}} $ /kPa断裂带 10 15 2800 280
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表 3 岩土体材料计算参数
Table 3. Calculation parameters of rock and soil mass materials
岩土材料 $ \gamma $ /（kN·m−3）$ E_{\mathrm{d}} $ /MPa$ \mu_{\mathrm{d}} $ $ c_{\mathrm{d}} $ /kPa$ \varphi_{\mathrm{d}} $ /（°）杂填土 17.1 49.9 0.34 12 32 黄土状土 17.1 110.4 0.34 28 20 黄土 17.5 238.9 0.34 30 21 古土壤 18.6 269.6 0.34 35 22 粉质黏土 19.4 300.1 0.34 40 24 粉质黏土夹砂层 20.2 319.0 0.35 22 28
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表 4 泾阳—渭南活动断裂带不同活动方式场地变形与应力状态对比
Table 4. Comparison of deformation and stress state of Jinyang–Weinan active fault zone
活动方式 相同点 差异性 同震位错 ①上盘沉降变形，且上盘变形量大于下盘
②塑性区主要分布在场地浅部，影响范围呈现出上盘效应①场地失稳形式为上盘沉降，下盘由沉降过渡至隆起；
②离断裂越远上盘沉降越大、下盘沉降越小并出现隆起变形；
③在断裂处，上盘地层沉降量随深度而增加，下盘地层沉降量随深度而减小；
④塑性区集中于地层浅部断裂附近，沿断裂向深处少量分布；
⑤同震位错作用下地应力及竖向位移的上盘影响范围约为下盘的1.67倍，塑性区上盘影响宽度约为下盘的2.50倍；
⑥随着深度增加，竖向位移变化率增大、竖向地层影响范围减小，上盘差异变化大于下盘黏滑发震 ①场地失稳形式以上下盘沉降为主，中震下下盘可出现微弱隆起；
②竖向位移在断裂处及上盘靠近断裂处有最大值，远离断裂竖向位移逐渐趋于0；
③塑性区均匀分布，集中于场地浅部，以剪切破坏为主；
④中震与大震作用下，竖向位移上盘沉降差值分别约为下盘的1.04倍及2.60倍、塑性区分别为1.00倍及1.40倍，PGA上盘影响范围分别为下盘的2.50倍和3.00倍；
⑤大震时场地最大竖向位移量、PGA影响范围分别为中震的6.50倍及1.14倍
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