Submarine fresh groundwater discharge estimation in the intertidal zone based on dynamic salinity simulation
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摘要:
目前关于砂质潮间带海底地下淡水排泄速率、海水再循环速率及相应比例随潮位的变化研究较少。文章以厦门湾某砂质潮滩为例，对地下水渗出面的盐度进行实地动态监测，采用变密度流数值模拟技术，对潮间带地下水盐度变化过程进行动态模拟，以此反演潮间带海底地下淡水排泄量。研究结果显示：（1）潮间带不同位置地下水盐度随潮汐发生不同规律的变化，通过数值模型估算出典型剖面海底地下水排泄量为17.47 m3/（m·d），其中海底地下淡水排泄量为3.19 m3/（m·d），占海底地下水排泄总量的18.26%，海水再循环量为14.28 m3/（m·d），占海底地下水排泄总量的81.74%，处于主导地位；（2）潮汐作用下，海水入渗与海底地下水排泄交替发生，落潮阶段发生交替的时间略早于平潮位，涨潮阶段发生交替的时间略晚于平潮位，海水入渗速率与海底地下水排泄速率达到峰值时刻分别早于潮位达到高潮和低潮时刻，整个潮汐周期内（从高潮时刻到下一个高潮时刻）海底地下淡水排泄量比例逐渐增大；（3）潮间带地下水盐度的变化可间接反映海底地下淡水排泄量的变化，与其他研究相比，该典型剖面的海底地下淡水排泄量占海底地下水排泄总量比例相对较高，显示潮间带存在着大量海底地下淡水排泄；（4）通过敏感性分析可知，内陆水头对海底地下淡水排泄量及盐度空间分布有重要影响。研究可为海岸带地下水开发利用和滨海环境管理提供一定参考。
Abstract:Currently, limited studies focused on the variations in submarine fresh groundwater discharge rates, seawater recirculation rates, and their respective proportions with tidal level change in sandy intertidal zones. This study conducted in-situ dynamic monitoring of the salinity at the groundwater seepage face in a sandy tidal flat in Xiamen Bay. Using variable-density flow numerical model, the dynamic groundwater salinity in the intertidal zone was simulated to calculate the submarine fresh groundwater discharge in the intertidal zone. The results show that groundwater salinity at different locations in the intertidal zone exhibits varying patterns with the tides. The submarine groundwater discharge at a typical profile was estimated to be 17.47 m3/(m·d), in which the submarine fresh groundwater discharge was calculated to be 3.19 m3/(m·d), accounting for 18.26% of the total submarine groundwater discharge. In contrast, recirculated submarine groundwater discharge was estimated to be 14.28 m3/(m·d), constituting 81.74% of the total submarine groundwater discharge and thus playing a dominant role. Under the influence of tides, seawater infiltration and submarine groundwater discharge are alternate. The alternation during ebb tide occurs slightly earlier than the slack water level, while during flood tide, it occurs slightly later. The peak moment of seawater infiltration rate and submarine groundwater discharge rate precede the tidal peaks at high and low tides, respectively. Throughout the tidal cycle (from high tide to the next high tide), the proportion of submarine fresh groundwater discharge gradually increases. The variation in groundwater salinity in the intertidal zone can represent the changes in submarine fresh groundwater discharge. The proportion of submarine fresh groundwater discharge in the total submarine groundwater discharge is relatively high in this typical profile than that in the previous studies. It indicates the presence of a substantial amount of submarine fresh groundwater discharge in the intertidal zone. Through sensitivity analysis, it reveals that inland hydraulic head has significant influences on submarine fresh groundwater discharge and spatial distribution of salinity. This study can provide scientific information for the development and utilization of coastal groundwater and the management of coastal environments.
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表 1 含水层水文地质参数
Table 1. Hydrogeological parameters of aquifer
位置 水平渗透系数/
（m·h−1）垂向渗透系数/
（m·h−1）贮水系数/
m−1给水度 孔隙度 弥散度 第一层 1.25 0.625 0.0005 0.2 0.3 0.5 第二层 0.08 0.008 0.0005 0.1 0.3 0.5 
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