Seepage characteristics of accumulation landslides under different types of heavy rainfall stability analysis
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摘要:
暴雨是堆积层滑坡灾害发生的主要诱因之一，暴雨作用下滑坡体渗流场的时空动态特征是评价滑坡稳定性和开展气象风险预警的关键。针对当前主要以降雨强度为变化参数的模拟分析工况存在的不足，以广东省特大型地质灾害——丰顺县三坑村滑坡群Ⅲ号滑坡为例，基于现场调查和资料分析，建立精细化滑坡地质结构模型，采用统计方法分析区内降雨特征，将暴雨划分为“均匀型”和“峰值型”两种类型，通过模拟滑坡体内浸润线及孔隙水压力的变化，分析滑坡在不同类型暴雨下的渗流场动态，进而分析滑坡的应力-应变场与位移特征，开展稳定性定量评价研究。研究结果表明：均匀型暴雨会显著影响滑坡深部渗流场，造成明显局部变形；峰值型暴雨诱发滑坡模式随雨量峰值位置的变化而有所差异，前锋型降雨诱发的变形表现出牵引式特点，随着雨量峰值后移，滑坡变形表现出推移式特点。数值模拟结果和滑坡实际变形较为吻合，研究成果可为堆积层滑坡的治理及防护工程的设计提供借鉴。
Abstract:Heavy rainfall is a major causes of sedimentary landslide disasters, and understanding the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of the seepage field in landslides under heavy rain is crucial for evaluating landslide stability and providing meteorological risk early warnings. Current simulations and analyses often focus primarily on rainfall intensity as the change parameter, which limits their effectiveness. This study takes the No. Ⅲ landslide of Sankeng Village Landslide Group in Fengshun County, a super-large geological disaster in Guangdong Province, as a case study. Based on the field investigation and data analysis, a refined landslide geological structure model was developed and statistical methods were used to analyze the rainfall characteristics in the area, classifying the rainfall into “uniform type” and “peak type”. The dynamics of the seepage field under these two types of rainstorms was analyzed by simulating changes in the infiltration line and pore water pressure within the landslide. The stress-strain field and displacement characteristics of the landslide were then examined, and stability was quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the uniform rainstorm will significantly affect the seepage field in the deep part of the landslide, resulting in noticeable local deformation. The landslide response to peak rainfall varies with the change of position, with forward rainfall causing traction-like deformation, while backward-moving peak rainfall induces a pushing deformation. The numerical simulation results align well with the observed deformation of the landslide. This study can provide basic information for the design of the treatment and protection engineering of the accumulation layer landslide.
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表 1 岩土体物理参数
Table 1. Geotechnical physical parameters
物质 重度
/（kN·m−3）弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 天然状态 饱和状态 饱和渗透系数
/（m·s−1）饱和
含水率天然 饱和 c/kPa φ/（°） c/kPa φ/（°） 粉质黏土 18.6 5.7 4.89 0.23 22.6 18.2 21.8 16.9 3×10−9 0.35 砂质黏土 18.6 6.9 6.20 0.21 26.1 21.3 20.8 20.3 5×10−8 0.31 强风化花岗岩 19.4 20.0 20.0 0.18 21.7 22.4 18.4 21.7 3×10−10 0.22 基岩 21.3 1000.0 1000.0 0.10 1000.0 40.0 1000.0 40.0 0 0.00 
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表 2 数值模拟工况
Table 2. Cases in Numerical simulation
工况 降雨强度/（mm·d−1） 降雨时长/d 降雨类型 降雨总量/mm 工况一 240.0 3.0 均匀型 720 工况二 288.0 3.0 均匀型 864 工况三 354.0 3.0 均匀型 1062 工况四 165.9 6.4 均匀型 1062 工况五 55.9 19.0 均匀型 1062 工况六 405.0，354.0，303.0 3.0 前峰型 1062 工况七 328.5，405.0，328.5 3.0 中峰型 1062 工况八 303.0，354.0，405.0 3.0 后峰型 1062
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