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摘要:
在长期湿热环境下，膨胀性黏土易发生路基变形、边坡失稳和滑坡崩塌等地质灾害。因此，有必要深入分析钢渣粉（steel slag powder，SSP）改良膨胀性黏土的宏观和微观特性，以解决相关工程问题，并推动钢渣的高值化和资源化利用。文章全面回顾了SSP改良膨胀性黏土的研究现状，系统归纳了SSP的理化特性和胶凝活性，阐述了碱激发剂对SSP活性的激发原理，揭示了SSP改良膨胀性黏土的微观机制和力学特性。主要结论如下：（1） SSP含有丰富的活性矿物成分，能够与黏土颗粒发生离子交换及水化反应，从而改变黏土微观结构和理化性质；（2）SSP的化学成分、结构性质等会受到生产工艺及使用环境的影响，进而影响其化学活性。通过降低SSP粒径、添加碱性激发剂或复合改性可以提高其胶凝活性及水化速率；（3）SSP作为土壤改良剂可以显著改善膨胀性黏土的性能，包括胀缩性和力学特性；（4）对于SSP与黏土之间的相互作用机制及复合激发剂的应用效果研究还相对不足，需要进一步探索；（5）未来应考虑不同因素耦合下的化学-矿物成分及土体微观结构演变规律，从宏微观角度建立土体在水-化-力作用下的力学特性。通过深入开展SSP改良土的微观机理和工程特性研究，可提高其工程应用价值，为固废资源的再循环利用和环境保护提供重要思路。
Abstract:Expansive clay is prone to geological disasters such as roadbed deformation, slope instability, and landslides under long-term hot and humid conditions. To address these engineering challenges and promote the high-value, resource-efficient use of steel slag, it is crucial to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of steel slag powder (SSP)-improved expansive clay. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research on SSP-improved expansive clay, systematically summarizing the physicochemical properties and gelling activity of SSP. Additionally, the excitation principle of alkali exciters on the activity of SSP was described, and the micro-mechanism and mechanical properties of SSP improved expansive clay were revealed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) SSP contains abundant active mineral components that can undergo ion exchange and hydration reaction with clay particles, thus changing the microstructure and physicochemical properties of clay. (2) The chemical composition and structural properties of SSP will be affected by the production process and the use of the environment, which in turn affects its chemical activity. By reducing the particle size of SSP, adding alkaline exciters or compound modification can improve its cementation activity and hydration rate. (3) SSP as a soil conditioner can significantly improve the performance of expansive clay, including expansion and contraction and mechanical properties. (4) The studies on the interaction mechanism between SSP and clay and the application effect of composite exciters remain insufficient and requires further investigation. (5) Future research should consider the chemical and physical properties under the coupling of different factors, including the chemical-mineral composition and the microstructure evolution law of the soil, as well as the mechanical properties of the soil under the water-chemical-force interactions. By further exploring the micro-mechanism and engineering properties of SSP-amended soils, the value of their engineering applications can be improved, providing valuable insights for the recycling of solid waste resources and environmental protection.
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Key words:
- steel slag powder /
- gelling activity /
- swelling-shrinkage /
- clay mineral /
- improving mechanism /
- mechanical propertie
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表 1 国内外钢渣粉主要的化学成分与质量分数
Table 1. Main chemical composition and mass fraction of steel slag powder at home and abroad
来源/产地 工艺类型 各化学成分质量分数/% 参考文献 CaO SiO2 Fe2O3/FeO Al2O3 MgO MnO P2O5 其它 新加坡 BOF 22.48 19.38 8.49/30.54 5.27 9.51 1.10 0.35 1.23 [25] 印度 BOF 52.30 15.30 —/16.20 1.30 1.10 0.39 0.86 — [26] 瑞典 BOF 45.00 11.10 13.20/10.70 1.90 9.60 3.10 — 0.79 [27] EAF 38.80 14.10 20.90/5.60 6.70 3.90 5.00 — 1.45 罗马尼亚 EAF 36.20 15.80 —/8.20 3.80 7.60 8.70 0.70 — [28] 希腊 EAF 35.70 17.53 26.36/— 6.25 6.45 2.50 — 2.07 [29] 法国 BOF 45.00 10.80 32.00/— 1.90 4.50 2.60 1.40 0.90 [30] 浙江嘉兴 EAF 48.80 34.30 9.10/— 4.80 1.10 — — — [31] 江苏南京 EAF 48.00 14.73 20.44/14.30 4.06 7.62 — 1.04 1.60 [32] 石家庄 EAF 65.14 22.17 0.51/— 5.03 4.03 2.35 — 0.15 [33] 河北省 BOF 64.84 21.87 0.54/— 6.12 4.85 — — 3.78 [34] 马鞍山 BOF 59.17 17.79 9.65/— 4.87 6.23 — 1.35 0.89 [35] 注：—表示无此成分。 
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