Integrated model for estimation of the interaction between surface water and groundwater based on in valley watershed
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摘要:
以往地表水-地下水交互过程研究集中于平原河网地区，而水动力交互作用强烈的山谷型流域研究甚少。选取句容北山水库流域为研究区，聚焦山谷型流域地表产汇流与浅层地下水渗流交互过程，基于SWAT-MODFLOW构建了地表水-地下水耦合模型评价流域水量交互过程及时空变化规律。结果表明：流域范围内地下水与地表水的交互存在一定的时空差异性； 2016—2019年期间整体呈现地下水补给地表水，但在丰水期局部时段，地表水补给地下水；研究区西北部、东北部山区以及南部北山水库周边地区表现为地下水补给地表水；耦合模型可较好地刻画研究区地表水与地下水的交互流量，流域地下水对河道净补给量的贡献率为8.72%，其中地下水补给量在空间分布上西部支流和中部支流区域分别占28.8%、79.8%，东部支流地表水补给地下水，地下水的补给率逆差为8.6%。研究成果可为流域水资源联合调度和开发利用提供技术支撑。
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关键词:
- 山谷型流域 /
- 地表水-地下水 /
- SWAT-MODFLOW模型 /
- 耦合模型 /
- 水量交互
Abstract:Previous studies on surface water-groundwater (SW-GW) interactions have primarily focused on plain river networks, with limited understanding on hydrodynamic interactions in valley-type watersheds. This study focuses on the Beishan Reservoir Basin (BRB) in Jurong, specifically investigating surface runoff and shallow groundwater interactions in a valley-type watershed Jurong. A coupled SWAT-MODFLOW model was developed to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations in SW-GW interaction processes. The results show that the interaction between SW-GW varies both temporally and spatially. Temporally, the groundwater discharged into the surface water during 2016−2019, while the surface water replenished the groundwater during certain periods of wet season. Spatially, the mountainous areas in the northwest and northeast of the study area and the surrounding areas of BRB in the south of the study area are characterized by groundwater discharge into surface water. The coupling model effectively describes the surface water-groundwater (SW-GW) interaction, with groundwater contributing 8.72% to the net replenishment of rivers in the basin. The western tributaries and central tributaries of the basin receive 28.8% and 79.8% groundwater recharge in the whole basin, respectively. The eastern tributaries with negative groundwater recharge rate of 8.6% exhibit surface water discharge into groundwater. This study provides a technical support for joint scheduling and development and utilization of watershed water resources.
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Key words:
- valley watershed /
- surface water-groundwater /
- SWAT-MODFLOW model /
- coupling model /
- water exchange
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表 1 耦合模型选取参数
Table 1. Selection parameters of coupling model
参数 来源 结果 SCS径流曲线系数 SWAT 0.16 基流分割系数 SWAT 0.55 地下水延迟系数 SWAT 126.83 分区1地下水渗透系数/（m·d−1） MODFLOW 5.00 分区2地下水渗透系数/（m·d−1） MODFLOW 4.00 分区3地下水渗透系数/（m·d−1） MODFLOW 5.00 分区4地下水渗透系数/（m·d−1） MODFLOW 1.50 分区5地下水渗透系数/（m·d−1） MODFLOW 8.00 分区6地下水渗透系数/（m·d−1） MODFLOW 1.00 分区7地下水渗透系数/（m·d−1） MODFLOW 12.00 
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表 2 耦合模型率定期与验证期地表径流校准结果
Table 2. Coupling model verifies the calibration results of periodic and periodic surface runoff
率定期（2017年1月15日—
2019年12月15日）验证期（2020年1月15日—
9月15日）校正参数 R2 NSE PBIAS R2 NSE PBIAS 拟合值 0.98 0.89 0.79 0.99 0.90 0.77
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表 3 地表水-地下水年际补给量
Table 3. Interannual recharge relationship between surface and groundwater
年份 降水量/mm 地下水向地表水
补给量/mm地表水向地下水
补给量/mm地下水向地表水
净补给量/mm地下水补给地表
水面积/km2地表水补给地下
水面积/km22016 1807.70 −194.17 97.15 −97.02 34.33 21.00 2017 1464.80 −157.34 66.54 −90.80 33.06 22.27 2018 1226.90 −148.97 64.32 −84.65 31.84 23.49 2019 743.00 −136.90 59.45 −77.45 31.66 23.67 年均 1310.60 −161.65 71.87 −87.48 32.72 22.61
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表 4 研究区地表水-地下水补给地形高程
Table 4. Topographic elevation of surface-groundwater recharge in the study area
年份 地下水补给
地表水最小
高程/m地下水补给
地表水最大
高程/m地表水补给
地下水最小
高程/m地表水补给
地下水最大
高程/m2016 48.41 225.88 47.50 171.31 2017 48.35 222.12 47.45 175.31 2018 48.63 227.63 47.35 172.88 2019 47.44 214.25 48.47 185.47 年均 48.21 222.47 47.69 176.24
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表 5 各支流地表水-地下水年际交换量
Table 5. Annual surface-groundwater exchange capacity of tributaries
年份 西部支流/mm 中部支流/mm 东部支流/mm 合计/mm 2016 − 1411.03 1085.58 − 3586.80 − 3912.25 2017 − 3937.60 672.16 − 10498.98 − 13764.40 2018 − 3586.05 901.70 − 10144.49 − 12828.80 2019 − 3223.45 981.01 − 9496.33 − 11738.80 年均 − 3039.53 910.11 − 8431.65 − 10561.10
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表 6 模拟期年际水均衡量
Table 6. Inter-annual average water balance in the simulation period
年份 降水量
/mm地表径
流量/mm地下水向地表水
补给量/mm地表水向地下水
补给量/mm地下水储量
/mm地表水储量
/mm河流侧向
补给量/mm含水层
渗漏量/mm2016 1807.7 1047.97 194.17 97.15 13304.95 655.76 116.39 113.87 2017 1464.8 813.2 157.34 66.54 14220.41 539.44 90.45 78.97 2018 1226.9 619.62 148.97 64.32 14758.89 459.66 80.23 70.34 2019 743.00 309.13 136.90 59.45 15078.01 408.13 48.75 24.92 2020 975.00 476.18 97.62 49.41 11457.97 307.52 63.62 47.01 年均 1243.48 653.22 147.00 67.37 13764.05 474.10 78.89 67.02
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