Erosion fluidization mechanism of landslide debris flow based on solid-liquid coupling
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摘要:
干燥的滑坡碎屑流在动力传递过程中，往往会在坡面或者沟道内，与松散、高含水基底物质发生剧烈动力侵蚀作用，导致碎屑流流动规模急剧增加，对重要工程和人员生命产生巨大威胁。同时，随着间隙流体和固体颗粒被夹带汇入碎屑流底部，两者发生物质交换，使得流动从单相转变为固液两相状态，从而对碎屑流的流变力学行为产生重要影响。然而，目前对碎屑流流化机理研究甚少。基于光滑粒子流-离散单元-有限元耦合(SPH-DEM-FEM)理论，在大型物理模型试验基础上，针对不同含水率工况，围绕干燥碎屑流与基底物质的复杂动力学过程，开展耦合数值模拟研究。结果表明：碎屑流前缘与基底接触作用主要表现为冲切破坏和犁切作用，接触面以剪切磨蚀为主，随基底应力和孔隙水压力增加，碎屑流与含水物质裹挟混合，并逐渐表现出流态化特征；侵蚀区在碎屑流冲击加载作用下，基底应力出现了“超前波动”的现象，前缘应力因碎屑流冲切作用表现为急剧升高的趋势，而侵蚀区中部基底应力因颗粒的飞跃，呈现幅度小、持续久的抛物曲线，后缘基底应力表现为峰值较前缘降低的曲线；随着基底物质由干燥工况逐渐向非饱和状态转变，接触面剪应力和含水率呈正相关趋势，基底侵蚀率、碎屑流冲击距离和最终堆积厚度随含水率呈现抛物线状相关关系。研究结果对碎屑流流化机理进行了探讨，并为类似机理研究提供了有效科学思路。
Abstract:During power transmission, dry landslide debris flow usually causes severe dynamic erosion when interacting with loose, water-bearing basement materials on slopes or within channels. This interaction leads to a significant increase in the scale of debris flow, posing a serious threat to infrastructure and human lives. Simultaneously, interstitial fluid is entrained into the bottom of the debris flow with the solid particles. The exchange of materials makes the flow change from single-phase to solid-liquid two-phase state, critically influencing the rheological and mechanical behavior of the debris flow.However, few studies investigated the fluidization mechanism of debris flow. This study employs smoothed particle hydrodynamics-discrete element-finite element (SPH-DEM-FEM) coupling theory, combined with large-scale physical model tests, to investigate the complex dynamic interactions between dry debris flows and substrates under varying moisture conditions. The results show that the contact between the leading edge of the debris flow and the basement is mainly characterized by punching failure and ploughing, and the contact surface is dominated by shear abrasion. With the increases of basement stress and pore water pressure, the debris flow is mixed with water-bearing material, and gradually presents the fluidization characteristics. Under the impact loading of debris flow, the base stress in the eroded area exhibits an “advanced fluctuation” phenomenon. The stress of the leading edge shows a significant increase due to the impact of debris flow. The base stress in the middle of the eroded area shows a parabolic curve with a slight amplitude and a long duration due to the leap of particles. The base stress of the trailing edge presents a curve with a peak value lower than that of the leading edge. With the change of substrate material from dry condition to unsaturated condition, the shear stress, and moisture content of the contact surface show a positive correlation trend. The erosion rate of the substrate, the impact distance of the debris flow, and the final accumulation thickness display a parabolic correlation with the moisture content. The results provide the understanding of the fluidization mechanism in debris flows and provide effective scientific insights for the study of similar mechanisms.
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表 1 耦合模型材料参数设置
Table 1. Material parameter setting of model
重度/（104 kN·m−3） 泊松比 杨氏模量/Pa 碎屑流 2.5 0.25 3.0×108 基底物质固相 2.3 0.25 5.0×106 基底物质液相 1.0 滑槽与堆积平台 7.0 0.3 3.0×1011 
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表 2 颗粒接触参数设置
Table 2. Contact parameter setting between particles in model
静摩擦系数 动摩擦系数 法向阻尼系数 切向阻尼系数 碎屑流 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 基底物质 1.4 0.25 0.7 0.4
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表 3 结构接触参数设置
Table 3. Contact parameter setting of structure in model
静摩擦系数 动摩擦系数 阻尼系数 碎屑流-堆积平台 0.6 0.3 0.6 基底物质-堆积平台 0.6 0.3 0.6 碎屑流-滑槽 0.3 0.1 0.3 基底物质-滑槽 1.0 0.8 0.2
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