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摘要:
黄土地区高铁路基瞬时沉降与饱和压实黄土的力学特性密切相关，饱和压实黄土的本构关系是表征其力学特性的重要途径。由于Duncan-Chang本构模型难以准确描述压实黄土破坏后的应变软化特性，为了提高其适用性，引入统计损伤理论，建立了饱和压实黄土的Duncan-Chang损伤本构模型。选取西延高铁填方区Qp3黄土，开展了不同压实度的固结不排水三轴试验，编写vumat子程序进行验证，实现了饱和压实黄土三轴试验及不同压实度、不同填方坡度下路基沉降的有限元数值模拟分析。结果表明：（1）填方区压实黄土受剪破坏时呈应变软化特性，峰值强度与初始变形模量随压实度的增加而增加，但峰值强度增幅随压实度增加递减，而初始变形模量增幅随压实度的增加递增；（2）基于统计损伤的Duncan-Chang本构模型所编写的vumat子程序，对填方压实黄土三轴试验的剪切强度进行了验证，结果基本一致，能够较好地反映填方区压实黄土应变软化的力学特性；（3）通过vumat计算得出，填方路基的沉降量随压实度的增加而减少，随填方坡度的增加而增加。研究结果可为黄土地区填方路基瞬时沉降计算与分析提供参考。
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关键词:
- 饱和压实黄土 /
- Duncan-Chang损伤模型 /
- 高铁路基沉降 /
- 剪切特性 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract:The instantaneous settlement of high railway foundation in loess area is closely related to the mechanical properties of saturated compacted loess. The constitutive relationship of saturated compacted loess is an important way to characterize its mechanical properties; however, Duncan-Chang constitutive model is difficult to accurately describe the strain softening characteristics of compacted loess after failure. To improve the adaptability of Duncan-Chang constitutive model, statistical damage theory is introduced to establish Duncan-Chang damage constitutive model of saturated compacted loess. Qp3 loess in Xiyan high-speed railway filling area was selected to carry out consolidation undrained triaxial tests with different compaction degrees. The vumat subroutine was then written for verification. The triaxial test of saturated compacted loess and the finite element numerical simulation of subgrade settlement under different compaction degrees and filling slopes were conducted. The results show that the compacted loess in the filling area shows strain softening characteristics when it is sheared. The peak strength and initial deformation modulus increase with the increase of compaction degree, while the increase of peak strength decreases with the increase of compaction degree. The increase of initial deformation modulus increases with the increase of compaction degree. The vumat subroutine based on Duncan-Chang constitutive model with statistical damage is used to verify the shear strength of compacted loess in triaxial test, and the results are consistent, indicating the mechanical characteristics of strain softening of compacted loess in filling area. Through vumat calculation, the settlement of filled subgrade decreases with the increase of compactness and increases with the increase of fill slope. This study can provide basic information for the calculation and analysis of the instantaneous settlement of fill subgrade in the loess area.
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表 1 土样的基本物理参数
Table 1. Basic physical parameters of soil samples
参数 天然含水率/% 比重 天然密度/（g∙cm−3） 干密度/（g∙cm−3） 孔隙比 塑限/% 液限/% 取值 13.6 2.65 1.58 1.45 0.78 17 28 
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表 2 模型参数
Table 2. Model parameters
参数 K σ3/kPa $ T $ $ n $ $ {R}_{\mathrm{f}} $ Weibull参数 c/kPa φ/（°） m $ {F}_{0} $ 取值 0.90 40 235.962 0.558 0.952 0.262 9.211 3.70 15 60 0.879 0.266 12.279 100 0.848 0.400 103.073 0.95 40 302.924 0.522 0.830 0.220 4.307 12.90 16 60 0.853 0.339 44.517 100 0.865 0.405 250.158 1.00 40 407.532 0.978 0.798 0.369 89.871 17.30 18 60 0.819 0.341 61.321 100 0.853 0.408 135.915
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表 3 路基材料参数
Table 3. Subgrade material parameter
材料 $ E_{\mathrm{i}} $ /MPaE/MPa ν K T n Rf Weibull参数 c/kPa φ/（°） m $ {F}_{0} $ 填方黄土 15.93 — 0.30 0.90 235.962 0.558 0.952 0.262 9.211 3.70 15 20.39 0.95 302.924 0.522 0.830 0.220 4.307 12.90 16 24.37 1.00 407.532 0.978 0.798 0.369 89.871 17.30 18 原始地基 — 16.15 0.30 — — — — — — 20.50 12 路堤 — 50.00 0.25 — — — — — — — —
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