Mechanism of the “7•15” debris flow in Baiguoshu gully, Tianquan County, Sichuan Province
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摘要:
相较于宽缓沟道型泥石流，小流域窄陡沟道型泥石流具有更高的隐蔽性和突发性，揭示此类灾害成灾机理无疑对工程治理及灾害预防具有重要意义。文章以2021年发生的四川省天全县白果树沟“7•15”突发性泥石流为例，借助野外调查、无人机航测与RAMMS流体动力学模拟，揭示了此次泥石流的成灾过程。结果表明：白果树沟泥石流是累计前期降雨和短时强降雨共同作用的结果，其起动源于上游饱水物源被山洪揭底，而沿途侧蚀冲刷沟岸形成的滑坡为泥石流提供了物源补给，沟内局部堵溃后又进一步放大流量、导致沟口成灾，淤埋雅康高速公路路面。从发展趋势看，白果树沟现阶段物源丰富，水动力条件良好，仍存在暴发泥石流的可能性。
Abstract:Compared to wide-gentle debris flows, narrow-steep gully debris flow in small watersheds are characterized by their invisible and sudden nature. Therefore, understanding the mechanism behind such disasters are crucial for engineering management and disaster prevention. This paper presents a case study of the “7•15” debris flow that occurred in Baiguoshu gully, Tianquan County, Sichuan Province in 2021. The process of this debris flow was thoroughly investigated through field surveys, aerial photography, and hydrodynamic simulations using RAMMS. The findings revealed that Baiguoshu gully debris flow was triggered by the cumulative antecedent rainfall and short-term heavy rainfall. The mobilized materials during the “7•15” debris flow consisted of saturated materials upstream that were eroded by floods, as well as landslides triggered by bank erosion along the gully. Subsequently, the amplification of flow discharge caused by blockages and bursting in the main channel resulted in a disaster at the gully outlet and the buried of the Yakang Expressway. The Baiguoshu gully is prone to debris flow occurrences due to the abundance of source materials and favorable hydrodynamic conditions.
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Key words:
- narrow-steep gully /
- debris flow /
- small watershed area /
- disaster mechanism /
- RAMMS
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表 1 白果树沟松散物源统计表
Table 1. Statistical table of loose sediment sources in Baiguoshu gully
物源名称 静储量
/（104 m3）动储量
/（104 m3）基本特点 崩滑物源 64.9 6.6 各种规模数量达29处，主要
分布于主、支沟沟岸边坡沟道物源 7.8 0.6 沿沟道分布的早期或
新近泥石流堆积体坡面物源 50.5 2.0 因植被砍伐裸露的松散堆积体 总计 123.2 9.2 
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