Analysis on kinematic behavior of potential large-scale rockfall in the Tanbu limestone open-pit mine in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province
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摘要:
广州炭步石灰石矿山经30余年开采，形成了最高约195 m的台阶式超高边坡。2012—2022年，矿区发生边坡及危岩体崩塌灾害26起，调查发现坡面仍存有16处危岩体。矿山露天边坡存在的崩塌灾害风险，已威胁到矿山的生产活动。开展危岩体崩落行为分析，对制定矿山危岩体崩塌防范措施意义重大。文章以WY3、WY11危岩体为研究对象，采用Rockfall数值模拟软件，设置
1000 kg重量落石，从同一起点分50次崩落，计算落石的崩落轨迹、弹跳高度、运动动能等行为。结果表明：84%以上落石可达坡脚线，落石弹跳高度为5～15 m，落石最大总动能302.3～399.2 kJ。计算落石崩落轨迹与研究区实际发生落石轨迹相符。Rockfall的崩落行为数值模拟分析成果为矿山危岩体落石危险性分区及防护措施选择提供了有效的数据支撑，文章研究也为大型露天矿山边坡危岩体崩落行为研究提供了具体案例参考。Abstract:The Tanbu limestone mine in Guangzhou has been in operation for over 30 years, resulting in the formation of a series of terraced slopes, with the highest reaching approximately 195 m. Between 2012 and 2022, the mining area experienced 26 incidents of slope and dangerous rock body collapses. Recent investigations have identified 16 remaining dangerous rock bodies on these excavated slopes. The risk of slope collapse in this open-pit mine poses a significant threat to ongoing mining operations. Analyzing the collapse behavior of these dangerous rock masses is of great significance for developing effective preventive measures for the collapse of dangerous rock mass in mines. This study focuses on the WY3 and WY11 dangerous rock mass, using Rockfall numerical simulation software. A
1000 kg rockfall was simulated, released from the same starting point 50 times to calculate its fall trajectory, bounce height, kinetic energy, and other related behaviors. The results indicate that over 84% of the falling rocks reached the foot of the slope, with the bounce heights ranging between 5 and 15 m and total kinetic energy between 302.3 and 399.2 kJ. The simulation results closely matched the actual historical paths observed in the study area. The numerical simulation results of these rockfall behaviors based on the Rockfall software provide valuable data to support the identification of rockfall risk zones and the selection of appropriate protective measures. This study also offers a specific case reference for the analysis of rockfall behavior of dangerous rock masses in large open-pit mine slopes.-
Key words:
- rock mass /
- kinematic behaviors of potential rockfall /
- Rockfall /
- numerical simulation /
- rockfall track /
- risk zoning
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表 1 危岩体稳定性计算评价表
Table 1. Evaluation table for stability calculation of dangerous rock masses
危岩体编号 破坏模式 防治工程等级 工况 稳定性系数 稳定性评价 WY3 倾倒式 Ⅰ 天然 1.36 基本稳定 暴雨 0.98 不稳定 WY11 滑移式 Ⅰ 天然 1.27 基本稳定 暴雨 0.91 不稳定 
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表 2 危岩体失稳危险性分级标准表
Table 2. Standard table of instability risk classification for dangerous rock masses
危险性
分区级别地质环境
条件复杂
性程度落石灾
害危险
性程度落石点
密度落石点
规模地质灾害危害程度 受威胁对象 潜在经济
损失/万元设备、道路或建筑物 人数/人 危险性大区 复杂—中等 大 大—中等 大—中等 主要设备作业区、矿区主要交通道路、
办公楼、厂房>30 >500 危险性中等区 中等—简单 中等—小 大—中等 大—中等 一般设备区、矿区一般道路、附属建筑物 >3～≤30 >100～≤500 危险性小区 简单 小 小 小 无重要设备及其它建筑物 ≤3 ≤100
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