Study of dynamic characteristics of ground collapse caused by mining in Gaojialiang coal mine, Inner Mongolia, using SBAS-InSAR technology
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摘要:
采空造成的地面塌陷是井工矿开采中最常见的问题，若不及时监测治理可能会影响到整体环境和周围建筑。针对传统沉降监测方法难以在地表高低起伏、沟谷纵横的丘陵地貌矿区开展的问题，文章以内蒙古高家梁煤矿203盘区的20314、20313和20312工作面为研究对象，收集2018年4月至2020年12月期间12景Sentinel-1雷达影像，用短基线集差分干涉测量技术（small baseline subset InSAR，SBAS-InSAR）进行处理，获取采空地面塌陷平均形变速度、时序形变量等数据，进而分析研究区动态特征。结果表明：研究区采空地面塌陷整体平均形变速度呈现出“北部快，南部慢”的特征，最大形变速度为−17.2 mm/a，位于20313工作面的北部三分之一处；采空地面塌陷时序形变量整体呈现出“由南向北，由西向东”的特征，符合实际工作面开采方向和顺序，主要沉降区分布在20314和20313工作面的北部，最大形变量达到了−106 mm。实践表明：SBAS-InSAR技术在丘陵地貌的矿区开展采空地面塌陷监测具有较强的技术优势且效果良好，为矿区采空地面塌陷监测提供方法支持。
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关键词:
- 高家梁矿区 /
- 丘陵地貌 /
- SBAS-InSAR /
- 地面塌陷 /
- 特征分析
Abstract:Ground collapse due to mining activities is a prevalent issue in underground coal mining processes. Without timely monitoring and control, it can adversely affect the surrounding structures and the environment. Addressing the challenges of traditional subsidence monitoring methods in the mining areas with uneven hilly terrain, this study focuses on the 20314, 20313, and 20312 working faces within the 203 panel of Gaojialiang coal mine area, Inner Mongolia. It employs 12 images of Sentinel-1 radar from April 2018 to December 2020 processed using the small baseline subset differential interferometry InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technique to derive average displacement velocities and temporal subsidence data in the study area. The study analyzes the dynamic characteristics of subsidence in the area. The results show that the overall subsidence rate is higher in the northern part of the study area compared to the south, with the maximum subsidence rate of approximately −17.2 mm/a observed in the northern third of the 20313 working face. The subsidence pattern generally progresses from south to north and from west to east, corresponding to the actual mining sequence. Major subsidence areas are concentrated in the northern portions of the 20314 and 20313 working faces, with maximum subsidence reaching about −106 mm. The application shows that SBAS-InSAR technology has effective results and significantly technical advantages in monitoring land subsidence in hilly mining areas, thereby providing certain method support for land subsidence monitoring in mining areas.
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Key words:
- Gaojialiang mining area /
- hilly topography /
- SBAS-InSAR /
- ground collapse /
- characteristic analysis
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表 1 工作面详细情况
Table 1. Details of working faces
工作面 长/m 宽/m 开采时间 停采时间 开采深度/m 煤层厚度/m 采深采厚比 20314 1600 280 2017年 2018年初 171.30～186.76 3.98～3.99 42.9～46.9 20313 2000 290 2018年初 2019年初 178.69～189.98 4.20～4.24 42.5～44.8 20312 2600 290 2019年初 2019年末 140.45～205.07 3.78～4.24 33.1～54.3 
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表 2 SAR数据参数表
Table 2. Parameters of SAR data
编号 轨道号 日期 成像模式 极化方式 飞行方式 入射角/（°） 1 026158 2018-04-12 IW VV 升轨 42.02 2 026683 2018-07-05 IW VV 升轨 42.02 3 027208 2018-10-09 IW VV 升轨 42.02 4 027558 2018-12-08 IW VV 升轨 42.02 5 028083 2019-03-02 IW VV 升轨 42.02 6 028433 2019-06-06 IW VV 升轨 42.02 7 028958 2019-09-10 IW VV 升轨 42.02 8 029308 2019-11-21 IW VV 升轨 42.02 9 029833 2020-02-13 IW VV 升轨 42.02 10 030008 2020-04-25 IW VV 升轨 42.02 11 030183 2020-09-04 IW VV 升轨 42.02 12 030708 2020-11-15 IW VV 升轨 42.02
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