Whole process finite element analysis of the load-bearing behavior of slope-stabilizing piles using three-dimensional triple nonlinearity
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摘要:
边(滑)坡抗滑桩在满足承载力要求的前提下常允许产生较大的水平位移。某现场抗滑桩的推桩试验表明，当推力较小、桩顶位移尚不足10 mm时，滑动面附近桩身混凝土就出现了开裂，桩体呈现非弹性的挠曲变形。然而，迄今，人们在设计计算和数值模拟分析中仍习惯性地将抗滑桩视为弹性体，以致计算和分析结果难免与实际存在一定甚至是很大的偏差。为克服这样的问题，以该试桩为例，采用Diana有限元程序建立按实际配筋的混凝土桩体模型，分别采用程序中的材料非线性模型，如总应变裂缝模型、Von-Mises模型和硬化土模型等真实模拟桩、钢筋和土，并考虑桩-土和土-岩接触相互作用的边界非线性和几何非线性，开展了抗滑桩承载性状的全过程数值分析。分析所得桩顶或桩身位移与实测结果高度或良好吻合；在靠近桩顶和桩底未出现裂缝的桩段桩身弯矩与实测吻合较好；桩身开始出现裂缝的荷载和部位与试验观察结果高度吻合。首次从数值模拟角度揭示随着推力增大抗滑桩前滑体出现双半“倒圆锥”形楔体剪切破坏区，与试验者描述的桩前滑体出现三角形楔体被挤起而破坏的现象相符，土体的剪切破坏导致部分位置土抗力的降低现象也与实测情况相符。以上结果表明，文中方法可显著提升抗滑桩设计计算与分析水平，具有推广应用价值。
Abstract:Slope-stabilizing piles typically are commonly permitted significant horizontal displacement while satisfying the requirement of bearing capacity. The in-situ pile tests of such piles indicate that with a minor thrust and a pile top displacement of less than 10 mm, cracking occurs near the sliding surface of the pile body, leading to non-elastic flexural deformations. Despite this, slope-stabilizing piles are still conventionally treated as elastic in the current design calculations and numerical simulations, resulting in significant discrepancies between expected and actual behaviors. To address such issues, using tested piles as a case study, a concrete pile model with actual reinforcement was established using the Diana finite element program. This model incorporates material nonlinearities such as the total strain crack model, the Von-Mises model, and the hardening soil model to realistically simulate the behavior of the concrete pile, steel bars, and soils, respectively. The analysis further considered the boundary and geometric nonlinearities inherent in pile-soil and soil-rock interactions. Results show high agreement with measured data for displacements at the pile top or along the pile body; the bending moments of the pile body in the pile segments near the top and bottom of the pile, where no cracks appeared, aligned well with measurements. The corresponding load that led to the advent of cracking, and the positions of cracking also highly consistent with experimental observations. For the first time, numerical simulations revealed that as the thrust increases, a double semi- "inverted cone" wedge-shaped shear failure zone forms in front of the pile, consistent with experiment descriptions of triangular wedge deformations and soil shear failures leading to localized reductions in soil resistance. The phenomenon of the decrease of the soil resistances in some places induced by the shear failure of the soil mass was also coincident with the actual situation. The above results demonstrate that the proposed method can evidently enhance the level of the design calculation and analysis of slope-stabilizing piles and demonstrate potential for wider application.
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表 1 试验荷载
Table 1. Testing loads
荷载分级 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 线荷载集度/（kN·m−1） 0 29 54 73 105 127 154 170 192 217 249 278 等效面荷载集度/kPa 0 36.25 67.5 91.25 131.25 158.75 192.5 212.5 240 271.25 311.25 347.5 每级面荷载增量/kPa 0 36.25 31.25 24.75 40 27.5 33.75 20 27.5 31.25 40 36.25 
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表 2 滑体土HS模型参数
Table 2. Parameters of the HS model for slip soil
土的名称 重度
/（kN·m−3）参考割线
模量/MPa参考卸载
模量/MPa参考压缩
模量/MPa有效黏
聚力/kPa有效内摩
擦角/（°）剪胀角
/（°）泊松比 静止土压
力系数破坏比 幂指数 参考压力
/kPa成都黏土 19.9 10 35.32 8.33 36 7.47 0 0.3 0.87 0.91 0.8 100 雅安砾土 22.0 40 121.38 33.33 15 43 13 0.2 0.318 0.78 0.7 100
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表 3 泥质页岩M-C模型参数
Table 3. Parameters of the M-C model for clayey shale
参数 重度
/（kN·m−3）弹性模量
/MPa泊松比 黏聚力
/kPa内摩擦角
/（°）剪胀角
/（°）取值 20.2 680 0.1 35000 15 0
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表 4 C25混凝土TSC模型参数
Table 4. Parameters of the TSC model for C25 concrete
参数 重度
/（kN·m−3）弹性
模量
/MPa泊松比 抗拉
强度
/MPa抗压
强度
/MPa拉、压断裂能
/（N·m−1）裂缝
带宽
/m取值 23.8 680 0.17 1.78 16.7 139.2 12000 式（3）
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表 5 钢筋Von Mises模型参数
Table 5. Parameters of the Von Mises model for steel bars
钢筋
型号重度
/（kN·m−3）弹性模量
/MPa泊松比 抗拉压强度
/MPa弹塑性模量
/MPaHPB300 78.5 2.1×105 0.3 235 2.1×103 HRB335 78.5 2.0×105 0.3 335 2.0×103
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表 6 各接触面摩擦角
Table 6. Friction angles of various contact surfaces
接触面名称 黏土-桩 砾土-桩 页岩-桩 滑动面 摩擦角/（°） 16.7 30.964 16.7 15.64
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