Development characteristics and reactivation deformation mechanism of the Lumai landslide in Shannan City, Xizang
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摘要:
青藏高原地质条件复杂，历史上形成了大量古滑坡，近年来在极端天气和人类工程活动影响下，古滑坡复活变形呈加剧趋势，潜在危害严重。文章以西藏山南鲁麦古滑坡作为研究对象，利用野外地质调查、无人机测绘、数值模拟等技术方法，在剖析其变形特征的基础上，分析了古滑坡复活的影响因素，探究了地表水入渗与堆载作用下古滑坡复活失稳机制。研究结果表明：鲁麦古滑坡体积为2.5×106～15.1×106 m3，前缘剪出口与坡脚的当许雄曲最大高差超过200 m，最深层的滑带位于基岩与堆积体间的接触面；受地表水入渗与堆载作用影响，古滑坡复活变形目前集中分布在堆积区前部，地表发育大量地表裂缝和下错陡坎；在地表水集中入渗影响下，滑坡前缘表层岩土体多次发生局部滑动；前缘堆载增加后，滑坡前部的形变整体增加，并呈高位剪出的趋势。研究成果对深化西藏山南地区古滑坡复活机理和支撑当地防灾减灾工作具有一定意义。
Abstract:The complex geological conditions of the Tibetan Plateau have historically fostered the development of numerous ancient landslides. In recent years, the reactivation of these landslides has exhibited a concerning escalation, driven by extreme weather events and human activities, thereby posing significant hazards. This study examines the Lumai ancient landslide in Shannan City, Xizang, employing a combination of field geological investigation, drone mapping, numerical simulation, and other technical methodologies. The research focuses on analysing the reactivation characteristics and influencing factors, specifically investigating the reactivation mechanism of the ancient landslide under the effects of surface water infiltration and loading. The results indicate that the Lumai ancient landslide has a volume of 2.5×106 to 15.1×106 m3. The maximum height difference between the landslide’s leading edge shear outlet and the Dangxuxiongqu River at the slope foot exceeds 200 meters, with the deepest sliding zone located at the interface between bedrock and loose deposits. Deformation is primarily concentrated in the front part of the landslide’s accumulation zone, characterized by numerous cracks and steep scarps. The reactivation is significantly influenced by surface water infiltration and overloading. Under concentrated water infiltration, localized sliding frequently occurs at the landslide front. Additionally, increased loading at the front leads to overall deformation and a tendency toward high-position shear failure. These findings enhance the understanding of reactivation mechanisms for ancient landslides in the Shannan City, Xizang, and provide valuable insights for local disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.
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表 1 鲁麦古滑坡数值模拟参数取值
Table 1. Numerical simulation parameter values for the Lumai ancient landslide
岩性 体积模量
/MPa剪切模量
/MPa天然工况 地表水入渗工况 内聚力
/kPa内摩擦角
/（°）内聚力
/kPa内摩擦角
/（°）泥岩 5.4 3.8 50.0 32.0 40.0 25.6 粉质黏土
夹碎石4.2 2.1 12.0 15.0 9.6 12 
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