Experimental study on physical simulation of reactivation mechanism of ancient landslides under rainfall condition
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摘要:
水是导致古滑坡复活的重要因素，而经历长久固结的土石混杂滑坡体通常渗透性较低，降雨形成的地表水如何入渗并诱发古滑坡复活的机理尚未明晰。文章在古滑坡复活案例调查和分析的基础上，采用滑坡物理模拟试验研究了降雨与裂缝共同作用下古滑坡复活机理。结果表明：（1）裂缝影响降雨渗透速率和渗透深度，当坡体表面无裂缝时，滑体渗透系数较小，降雨只能引起浅表层滑动；当坡体表面发育裂缝时，雨水沿裂缝快速渗入至深部滑带位置，诱发古滑坡复活。（2）裂缝的位置影响古滑坡的复活模式，无裂缝时，古滑坡表现为渐进式的溯源侵蚀复活；有裂缝时，首先出现溯源侵蚀复活变形，并沿前缘预设裂缝处逐渐扩张滑动，然后沿后缘预设裂缝发生拉张变形并出现向前推挤现象，最终在前部牵引和后缘推挤作用下发生整体复活滑动。（3）滑坡在临滑前，深部孔隙水压力和土压力均急速上升，而在滑动后快速释放，故可将孔隙水压力和土压力值的骤变作为古滑坡复活失稳的临界判据。
Abstract:Water is a crucial factor leading to the reactivation of ancient landslides. However, soil‒rock mixed landslides that have undergone long-term consolidation typically exhibit low permeability. The mechanism by which surface water generated by rainfall infiltrates and triggers landslide reactivation remains unclear. Based on the investigation of reactivation cases, this study explores the reactivation mechanism under the coupling effect of rainfall and cracks using landslide physical model tests. The results show the following: (1) Cracks can affect the seepage rate and depth of the landslide body. Without surface cracks, the landslide body has a low permeability coefficient, and rainfall can only cause shallow landslide. When surface cracks develop, rainwater can quickly infiltrate along the cracks to the deep sliding zone, triggering the reactivation of ancient landslides. (2) The location of the cracks can affect the reactivation mode of ancient landslides. Without cracks, ancient landslides exhibit a gradual retrogressive erosion reactivation. With cracks, reactivation deformation initially appears as retrogressive erosion, and gradually expanding to sliding along the preset cracks at the front edge, followed by tensile deformation and forward pushing at the rear edge, ultimately leading to overall reactivation sliding due to the combined effects of front traction and rear pushing. (3) Before sliding, both deep pore water pressure and soil pressure rapidly increased and then quickly release after sliding. Therefore, abrupt change in pore water pressure and soil pressure can be taken as the critical criterion for the reactivation of ancient landslides.
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