Application of high precision marine seismic streamer acquisition system to Laoshan uplift of South Yellow Sea
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摘要:
南黄海盆地崂山隆起区中、古生界地层发育，为南黄海盆地有利勘探区域。但由于区域性的高速屏蔽层的存在，导致地震波能量难以下传，中-古生界地震成像效果较差，信噪比低。针对该问题，选取高精度地震采集技术，采用国产“海亮”高精度电缆采集系统在崂山隆起区域实施了地震采集，以达到增加空间采样率的目的，同时优化采集参数，提高目的层成像效果。实践表明，该方案明显提高了南黄海崂山隆起地区地震资料的品质，中-古生界成像获得改善，为该区中-古生界勘探提供了优质的基础资料。
Abstract:Marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata, as a favorable exploration target, are well developed on the Laoshan uplift of South Yellow Sea Basin. However, due to the existence of seismic shield at the bottom of the Cenozoic, seismic waves are difficult to penetrate through the boundary, that have caused the decrease in image quality and signal-noise ratio of seismic profiles. In order to improve the quality of seismic data, the domestic "HQI-Seis" high-precision streamer acquisition system was adopted in this project to increase the spatial sampling rate and improve the signal to noise ratio. At the same time, proper acquisition parameters are designed and optimized for the same purpose. The practice proves that the endeavor has obviously improved the quality of seismic data and Mesozoic images from the Laoshan uplift and it is certainly helpful to Mesozoic exploration in this region.
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表 1 “海亮”电缆采集系统各项技术指标与其他采集系统比较
Table 1. Technical Specifications of "HQI-Seis"cable acquisition system and comparison other system
电缆型号 DIGI RDA ALS Q-Marine 海亮 电缆长度(m) 99.7 74.5 150 100 100 电缆直径(cm) 5.3 6.3 5.5 4.8 5.6 数据传输缆 电缆32 Mb/s 电缆 双电缆 双光缆 电缆240Mbps 道间距(m) 12.5 12.5 12.5 3.125 3.125 电缆道数 8 6 12 32 32 每道检波器数 8 8 16 1 1 检波器灵敏度 19V/bar 20V/bar 21V/bar 6.83v/bar 20v/bar A/D △-Σ24bit △-Σ24bit △-Σ24bit △-Σ24bit △-Σ24bit 数字包道数 16 12 60 - 32 前放增益(dB) 0, 12, 24, 36 12, 24, 36, 48 - - 0, 6, 12, 24 动态范围(dB) > 114 > 114 > 114 > 115 > 115 谐波畸变 < -106dB < -105dB - < -95dB < -106dB 
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表 2 不考虑电缆深度情况下震源子波特征对比
Table 2. The characteristics of the source wavelet are not considered in the case of streamer depth
震源
深度/m电缆
深度/m主峰值/
barm峰-峰值/
barm气泡比 主频/
Hz有效
频带/Hz4 0 91.1 175.7 38.9 68 7~135 5 0 85.3 178.4 29.7 65 7~115 6 0 89.7 186.7 24.6 55 6~99 7 0 91.3 190.1 20.4 47 6~88 8 0 87.4 186.7 17.6 45 6~78 9 0 86.9 186.7 15.0 40 6~72 10 0 89.0 185.3 14.3 37 6~65
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表 3 电缆沉放深度4~12m震源子波特征对比
Table 3. Streamer sinking depth from 4m to 15m source wavelet characteristics contrast
震源
深度/m电缆
深度/m主峰值/
bam峰-峰值/
bam气泡比 7 4 28.3 46.9 3.0 7 5 34.4 57 2.7 7 6 39.9 66 2.4 7 7 44.8 73.9 2.3 7 8 49.0 80.4 2.1 7 9 52.2 85.5 2.1 7 10 54.7 89.1 2.1 7 11 56.3 91.3 2.1 7 12 34.4 91.3 2.1
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表 4 主要采集参数对比
Table 4. Main acquisition parameters
常规二维 高密二维 震源容量(cuin) 5460 5040 震源深度(m) 7 7 炮间距(m) 37.5 37.5 电缆长度(m) 7050 6500 电缆深度(m) 10 10 道间距(m) 12.5 3.125 接收道数 564 2080
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