Exploring the relationship between Late Miocene ocean carbon shift and productivity
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摘要:
LMOCS (Late Miocene Ocean Carbon Shift)是距今最近的一次全球范围内表层水和底层水的碳同位素(δ13C)同步负偏事件。生物泵假说是解释LMOCS的经典理论之一。当生物勃发时, 生物泵可促进海水(δ13C)的分馏, 最终导致底栖有孔虫壳体的(δ13C)偏负。然而这一推论正被越来越多的证据所质疑。古生物和地球化学两大类替代性指标可重建过去生产力的变化、生物勃发以及生物泵的作用和效率。时间上, 大部分生物勃发事件比LMOCS开始更早而结束更晚。空间上, LMOCS已被证明具有全球性, 而生物勃发则不是。而且, 表层水和底层水的同向变化也和生物泵原理相悖。因此我们认为除生产力的变化之外, 还有其他导致LMOCS的原因。未来有待从全球水碳循环的集成研究、大气CO2的精确重建、计算机气候模拟等方面揭示LMOCS的驱动机制。
Abstract:The Late Miocene ocean carbon shift (LMOCS) is the most recent event characterized by synchronous decrease in both surface and deep water(δ13C) at a global scale, which is generally attributed to the biogenic pumping.When biogenic bloom event appears, the biogenic pump will start working to facilitate(δ13C) fractionation.As the results, benthic foraminiferal(δ13C) decreases.However, this inference is recently challenged by increasing facts and evidence.Generally, changes in paleo-productivity, biogenic bloom and the role and efficiency of biogenic pump can be reconstructed using paleontological and geochemical proxies.A compilation of these proxy records reveals the debates between the LMOCS and productivity.The onset and the cease of most biogenic bloom events led and lag the LMOCS, respectively.And the LMOCS is globally synchronous while the biogenic bloom event is not.Moreover, the synchronization of surface and deep water is also contrary to the principle of biologic pump.We thus propose that other reasons besides the changes in productivity should have accounted for the LMOCS.A further insight into the global hydrologic and carbon cycle, an improved reconstruction of atmospheric CO2level, and computer climate simulation studies will together help to unveil the driving mechanisms for the LMOCS.
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Key words:
- δ13 C /
- LMOCS /
- biological pump /
- productivity /
- computer simulation
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表 1 古生产力的代用指标及举例
Table 1. The proxies and examples of paleoproductivity
举例 参考文献 古
生
物
法生物标志物绝对含量/相对丰度 颗石藻的相对丰度 Molfino和McIntyre[35] 有机碳含量与生产力的经验公式 Müller和Suess[36] 生物沉积物 沉积物-水界面有机碳通量和沉积物表层 Brummer和Van Eijden[37] CaCO3含量之间的转换关系 堆积速率 底栖有孔虫堆积速率 Herguera和Berger[38] 属种组合法 底栖有孔虫内生种和外生种的比值 Jorissen等[39] 地
球
化
学
方
法沉积组分元素比值 生源Ba/黏土矿物Ti Murray等[40] 蛋白石/黏土; 蛋白石/BaSO4 Lyle和Baudalf[22] 痕量/微量元素 硫酸钡与有机碳通量的定量关系 Dymond等[41] 营养元素 大洋活性磷 Föllmi[42] 堆积速率 重晶石与生物Ba Averyt和Paytan[43] 同位素 表生与内生有孔虫碳同位素差值 Stott等[44] 快速沉积环境下的氮同位素 Higginson等[45] 
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