Environmental evolution of the Moguhu Wetland of Shihezi City in Xinjiang since 4800 cal.aBP
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摘要:
依据新疆石河子蘑菇湖湿地120cm的地层剖面取得的具有序列14 C测年予以支持的较高时间分辨率的孢粉分析资料, 揭示出在4800~1300cal.aBP期间, 该区局地生长着沼泽蕨, 为淡水湿地景观。气候总体上经历了相对干旱→偏湿→偏干的变化模式。在4770~3700cal.aBP期间, 气候较为干旱, 随之进入了长达1000多年的湿润阶段, 大约从2340cal.aBP开始, 气候再次转为干旱。总体上看, 石河子地区自5000年以来分布着隐域性植被, 一直处于由水生植物芦苇、黑三棱和沼泽蕨等相伴生组成的湿地景观, 然而通过2010—2016年对当地植被连续调查的结果表明, 在新疆荒漠地带分布的特有湿地类型——小叶桦(Betula microphylla)当今正在遭受着全球气候变化及人类活动的干扰, 湿地在退化, 小叶桦正濒临灭绝, 沼泽蕨的分布正趋减少, 因此亟待加强对湿地的保护和濒危物种的保育, 大力推进新疆地区的生态建设和文化建设。
Abstract:Wetland is a transitional environment between terrestrial and aquatic systems.It is a key component of earth ecosystem and performs a great deal of vital ecological functions, such as purifying water, maintaining regional ecological balance, mitigating the unfavorable impacts of global climate change, protecting environments for human survival, and preventing flooding by holding water.Holocene climate events on different time scales have a profound impact on the distribution of wetland vegetation in the arid zone.A lot of wetlands in Xinjiang have degenerated gradually or even disappeared.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on vegetation and environmental evolution of wetlands, and to evaluate the natural and anthropogenic forces shaping wetland vegetation.The Moguhu Wetland is situated between the southern margin of the Junggar basin and the middle reaches of the Manas river valley on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain.High resolution record of fossil pollen data from a 120 cm sediment core collected in Moguhu Wetland (44°25′39.3″N, 85°54′356″E) is applied to extract the information of climate and environment change in order to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and paleovegetation of Moguhu Wetland since 5000 aBP.The pollen data is calibrated with carbon-14 dating.Results show that in the period between 4770 and 3700 cal.aBP, Picea pollen were relatively rare indicating a dry climate condition.During the period from 3700 to 3120 cal.aBP, however, pollen Picea increased obviously and AP/NAP (arboreal/nonarboreal pollen) ratio was higher than that in previous period.The climate became moist.The Zone Ⅲ is characterized by a noticeable increase in the percentages of Picea (38.87%) and the maximum values of aquatic plants, suggesting a wetter climate occurred for a hundred years around 3120~3020 cal.aBP.At about 3020~2340 cal.aBP, the A/C (Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae) value exhibits an abrupt increase to 0.4 and Picea percentage was also high.From 2340~1340 cal.aBP, the climate became dry again, as indicated by the significantly reduced Picea pollen spectra and the lowest A/C values.Therefore, between 4800 and 1340 cal.aBP, a wetland environment was present in Moguhu area, and Thelypteris palustris grew in the local environment.The study area had experienced a climate transition from dry to humid and then back to dry during that period.From 4770 to 3700 cal.aBP, the climate was dry.Then it became humid.After more than 1000 years of wet climate conditions, it became dry again at about 2340 cal.aBP.Moguhu fossil pollen data suggested a typical freshwater wetland ecosystem, as accompanied by Phragmites, Thelypteris palustris and Sparganium since 5000 cal.aBP.Modern vegetation investigations in 2010-2016 showed that Betula microphylla is on the edge of extinction.Thelypteris palustris species are disappearing at an extremely rapid rate as a consequence of global warming and increasing human intervention such as overuse, reclamation, city construction.Therefore, in order to protect the earth's ecological environment and reduce the destruction of natural wetlands, it is necessary for us to pay more attention to strengthen wetland conservation and ecological construction in the Xinjiang region.
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Key words:
- pollen assemblages /
- environmental evolution /
- Picea /
- Late Holocene /
- Moguhu Wetland /
- Xinjiang
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