Prediction of pore-dominated Carboniferous-Lower Permian carbonate reservoir at the Laoshan Uplift, South Yellow Sea Basin
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摘要:
海相碳酸盐岩储层是南黄海盆地崂山隆起中—古生界重要的油气储层，由于钻井少，储层非均质性强，地震储层预测研究是油气勘探的重点和难点。以南黄海石炭系—下二叠统碳酸盐岩为例，通过分析CSDP-2井生物碎屑灰岩储层的岩石物性及井-震响应特征，发现生物碎屑灰岩声波阻抗高于纯灰岩以及碎屑岩的声波阻抗，低λρ具有较好的岩石物性特征，针对这种特点，采用叠前同时反演方法对孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的岩性和物性进行预测。预测结果表明南黄海崂山隆起石炭系—下二叠统生物碎屑灰岩储层比较发育，横向不连续且具有较强的非均质性，位于古高地储层物性发育较好，其成因是由于受印支构造运动，上覆地层抬升到地表遭到暴露，加上淡水淋滤溶蚀作用，在一定程度上提高了碳酸盐岩储层的次生孔隙，形成了钻井岩心所揭示的储层特征，因此，高孔隙度的孔隙型碳酸盐岩是南黄海石炭系—下二叠统油气勘探的首选目标。
Abstract:Marine carbonate is a kind of important oil and gas reservoir in the Mesozoic- Palaeozoic on the Laoshan uplift of South Yellow Sea Basin. Due to lacking of drilling data and knowledge of heterogeneity of the carbonate reservoirs, seismic prediction is the only way for reservoir assessment in oil and gas exploration although it is a rather difficult. Taking the Carboniferous - Lower Permian limestone in the South Yellow Sea as an example, this paper analyzed the petrophysical characteristics and the logging - seismic response of the limestone. Petrophysical analysis reveals that the acoustic impedance of bioclastic limestone is higher than that of pure limestone and siliceous clastic rocks. The limestone with lower λρ has better petrophysical characteristics. Pre-stack simultaneous inversion technique is effective to predict the lithology and physical properties of the pore-dominated carbonate reservoir. The results further suggest that the Carboniferous - Lower Permian bioclastic limestone reservoirs are relatively developed on the Laoshan Uplift and strongly discontinuous and heterogenous. Reservoirs are mainly developed on ancient highlands, owing to the exposure to air of the limestone uplifted by the Indosinian tectonic movement, the filtration by freshwater and dissolution of limestone, which increased the secondary porosity of carbonate reservoir to some extent. Such reservoirs have been encountered in drilling cores. Therefore, the pore-dominated carbonate rocks with high porosity should be regarded as the first priority of petroleum exploration target for the Carboniferous - Lower Permian in the South Yellow Sea Basin.
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图 9 CSDP-2井合成地震记录及提取子波（a. 全叠加数据合成地震记录，b. 远、中、近叠加道集合成地震记录， c. 不同叠加道集提取的近、中、远角度子波，d. 不同角度提取子波的能量谱 ）
Figure 9.
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