Impacts of morphological evolution of the Huanghe River mouth by artificial regulation on deltaic sedimentation
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摘要:
自2002年实施调水调沙以来，由于入海径流、沉积物的通量和组成发生变化，黄河现行河口三角洲叶瓣不断向海淤积造陆，水下三角洲坡度变陡。地形地貌变化对调水调沙期间入海泥沙沉积格局的影响成为黄河口研究的重要科学问题。本文基于Delft3D模型系统，利用岸线、水深和河流水沙数据构建三维水沙数值模型，对2002年、2008年、2014年和2019年调水调沙期间现行河口近岸海域泥沙的输运和沉积过程进行模拟。结果表明，随着水深、岸线的变化，黄河口近岸海域动力环境增强，泥沙的横向输运增强，纵向输运相应减弱；进而导致黄河入海泥沙堆积体的横向长度增加约30%，纵向长度减小约27%，厚度、形态也相应变化。本研究揭示了地形地貌变化条件下，黄河调水调沙期间入海泥沙在河口的沉积格局及动力机制，对深入理解黄河口近岸海域水动力-地貌耦合系统有重要参考价值。
Abstract:Since the water and sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) was implemented in 2002, the present active Huanghe (Yellow) River delta lobe has continuously prograded seaward and the slope of delta has become steeper due to the changes of the river runoff, and riverine sediment flux and components. The impact of morphological evolution of the river mouth on the sedimentation pattern during the WSRS has become a crucial scientific issue. A Delft3D-based three-dimensional hydro-sediment coupling numerical model was established to simulate the transport and sedimentation of riverine sediment in the river mouth during the WSRS conducted in 2002, 2008, 2014, and 2019. Results show that the hydrodynamics in the area were enhanced and the river mouth progressed. Meanwhile, the along-shore transport of sediment was increased while the cross-shore transport was weakened correspondingly. The along-shore extent of the deposition was increased by ～30% while the cross-shore extent was reduced by ～27%, and the thickness and shape of deposition center were changed significantly. This study provided a reference for better understanding the hydrodynamic-morphology coupling system off the Huanghe river mouth.
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图 10 泥沙输运高值区域（＞1 kg·m−1·s−1）(a)、泥沙输运低值区域（＞0.001 kg·m−1·s−1) (b)和泥沙堆积体(c)的长、短轴变化
Figure 10.
表 1 模型黏性泥沙和非黏性泥沙参数设置
Table 1. The physical parameter settings for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment in the model
泥沙类型 泥沙类型 中值粒径/μm 沉降速率/
(mm·s−1)侵蚀速率/
(kg·m−2·s−1)非黏性泥沙 砂 85 − 5.0×10−5 黏性泥沙 粉砂 16 0.12 黏土 11 0.03 
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表 2 M1、M2站位悬浮泥沙浓度验证结果
Table 2. The validation on the suspended sediment concentration at Stations M1 and M2
站位 分层 相关系数 均方根误差/(kg/m3) M1 表层 0.90 2.66 中层 0.90 1.73 底层 0.67 1.85 M2 表层 0.76 0.12 中层 0.72 0.18 底层 0.71 0.13
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