Dispersal of water and sediment off the Yellow River mouth during Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme in present and Diaokou Channel scenarios
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摘要:
《黄河流域综合规划（2012—2030年）》中指出，规划期内仍主要利用清水沟流路行河，保持流路相对稳定，清水沟流路使用结束后，优先启用刁口备用流路。为探究黄河启用刁口流路后入海水沙扩散特征及其与现行流路的差异，本研究选取黄河水沙入海的主要时期——调水调沙期，通过FVCOM三维数值模式，模拟研究了黄河调水调沙期间经两条流路入海情况下的盐度、悬沙浓度及河口动力特征，对比发现（1）两条流路沿岸流系总体变化趋势一致，入海径流受地转偏向力影响整体向东偏转，局部流场存在差异，刁口流路入海时无明显环流；（2）两种流路下羽流和悬沙的扩散特征对调水调沙不同阶段的水沙变化存在一致性的响应；然而，受河口地形和岸线的影响，刁口流路情景下羽流和悬沙的扩散范围显著大于现行流路；（3）伴随着流路变化，三角洲不同区域的演化特征将产生快速响应：刁口流路启用后，现行河口三角洲将进入蚀退期，刁口三角洲叶瓣进入快速造陆期。此外，模型结果显示，由于刁口外较浅的水深和平缓的地貌特征，相同条件下刁口流路情景下三角洲的造陆速率在短期内可能高于现行流路。
Abstract:The “Comprehensive Plan for the Yellow River Basin (2012-2030)” outlines that during the planning period, the Yellow River will primarily use the Qingshuigou Channel to stabilize its flow. Once the Qingshuigou Channel is no longer in use, the Diaokou Channel will serve as the backup. We investigated the characteristics of sediment and water dispersal into the sea after the river course switch to the Diaokou Channel, considering the current channel dynamics and focusing on the water and sediment regulation (WSR) period, a key phase of river management. Using a validated three-dimensional numerical model, we simulated and analyzed the salinity, suspended sediment concentration, and estuarine dynamics during WSR for both channels. Results reveal that: (1) although the overall trends of coastal flow systems along the two channels are consistent, local flow fields are different; (2) the dispersion of plumes and suspended sediments responds consistently to the changes in water and sediment flow during different stages of WSR. Due to estuarine topography and shoreline influences, the Diaokou Channel showed a significantly larger dispersion range; and (3) the switch of the channels will lead to rapid changes in delta evolution: the modern estuarine delta will experience erosion and retreat, while the Diaokou delta will undergo rapid land buildup. Moreover, outcome of the modelling suggests that, due to the shallower depths and gentler slopes in the Diaokou Channel, the rate of land buildup may surpass that of the current channel in a short term under similar conditions.
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