强人类活动下伶仃洋河口湾沉积地貌格局演化规律

莫思濠; 梁泓樾; 王璞; 缪言; 张恺云; 刘锋

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024090902

强人类活动下伶仃洋河口湾沉积地貌格局演化规律

1.
中山大学海洋工程与技术学院河口海岸研究所，珠海 519082

2.
自然资源部海岸带科学与综合管理重点实验室，青岛 266061

基金项目: 自然资源部海岸带科学与综合管理重点实验室开放基金项目（2021COSIMZ002）

详细信息

作者简介: 莫思濠（1999—），男，博士研究生，物理海洋专业，E-mail：mosh@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 刘锋（1986—），男，副教授，博士生导师，从事海岸工程与海洋智能监测研究，E-mail：liuf53@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736

收稿日期: 2024-09-09

修回日期: 2024-10-12

录用日期: 2024-10-12

刊出日期: 2024-10-28

Evolution of sedimentology and geomorphology in the Lingding Bay under anthropogenic impact

1.
Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Feng, liuf53@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Received Date: 09 September 2024

Revised Date: 12 October 2024

Accepted Date: 12 October 2024

Publish Date: 28 October 2024

摘要

摘要:
基于伶仃洋河口湾1965—2016年不同年代水深数据，结合不同年代沉积物数据，分析了伶仃洋沉积地貌格局的演化规律，讨论了人类活动对伶仃洋沉积地貌格局的影响作用。结果表明：（1）过去40年，伶仃洋地形边界主要受围垦影响而大幅度变窄，河口湾滩槽格局整体受到挤压并向东偏移；在航道开挖、浚深以及河口采砂等人类活动的叠加影响下，水域面积减小、水体容积增加，地貌形态向窄深化发展；（2）从不同年代表层沉积物空间分布来看，1975年和2003—2004年沉积物由北往南呈粗-细-粗的分布规律，粒度参数整体呈条带状分布。2016年沉积物在南北方向上的分布规律不显著，细颗粒沉积物主要沿西滩、东滩分布，粗颗粒的陆源沉积物主要以斑块状分布于中滩、东槽的采砂坑以及外伶仃洋的深槽末段；粒度参数的空间分布由条带状转变为斑块状，整体沉积环境由单一向复杂转变。（3）新格局下河口湾存在3个沉积中心，即中滩北部的内伶仃洋沉积中心，外伶仃洋西侧、淇澳岛以南的西滩沉积中心以及伶仃航道末段的外伶仃洋沉积中心；它们与各区域的冲淤格局相对应。由此可见，过去40年，人类活动显著地影响了珠江伶仃洋河口湾的沉积地貌格局，本研究有助于揭示伶仃洋河口湾地貌演变趋势，对珠江河口综合治理、水资源高效利用管理与开发具有重要的实践意义。
- 人类活动 /
- 地貌演变 /
- 沉积格局 /
- 伶仃洋
Abstract:
Based on water depth datasets between 1965 and 2016 in the Lingding Bay and the sedimentary data in different years, the evolution patterns of sedimentology and geomorphology of Lingding Bay under the impact of human activities were analyzed. Results show that: (1) Over the past 40 years, the geomorphological boundaries of Lingding Bay have been significantly narrowed, and the overall shoal-trough scheme of the estuary has been compressed and moved eastward. The water surface area has been decreased, while the water volume increased. The geomorphology of the estuary has become narrowed and deepened. (2) In terms of spatial distribution of surface sediment in different years, the grain size of sediment in 1975 and 2003—2004 exhibited a coarse-fine-coarse distribution pattern from north to south, and grain parameters showed a banded distribution. After 2016, the north-south distribution pattern was no longer prominent. Fine sediments were distributed mainly along the western and eastern shoals, while coarse-grained sediments were distributed in the middle shoal in patch, in the dredging pits in the eastern trough, and in the end of the deep trough in outer Lingding Bay. Spatial distribution of grain parameters had shifted from banded to patchy pattern, indicating a transition from a simple to a more complex sedimentary environment. (3) Under the new pattern, three depocenters occurred in the bay: the inner Lingding Bay depocenter in the northern part of the middle shoal, the western shoal depocenter in the south of Qi'ao Island on the western side of the outer Lingding Bay, and the depocenter at the end of the Lingding Channel in the outer Lingding Bay; and they correspond to the scouring and silting schemes in each region. Human activities have significantly influenced the sedimentation and geomorphology of the Lingding Bay over the past 40 years. This study helps to reveal the geomorphological evolution trends of the Lingding Bay and has important practical implications for the integrated management of the Pearl River Delta, as well as the efficient utilization and management of regional water resources.
- human activities /
- geomorphological evolution /
- sedimentary pattern /
- Lingding Bay

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图 1 研究区域示意图

Figure 1.

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图 2 1964—2016年伶仃洋河口湾陆地边界演变及主要人类活动区域示意图^[8]

Figure 2.

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图 3 1965—2016年伶仃洋河口湾水下地形演变

Figure 3.

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图 4 伶仃洋河口湾各年代5 m等深线变化（a）及1965—2016年冲淤厚度图（b）

Figure 4.

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图 5 伶仃洋不同水深单元面积（a）及容积百分比（b）

Figure 5.

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图 6 伶仃洋表层沉积物粒级组分空间分布

Figure 6.

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图 7 伶仃洋表层沉积物粒度参数

Figure 7.

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图 8 2007—2016年伶仃洋冲淤变化与沉积物输移趋势矢量

Figure 8.

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表 1 伶仃洋河口湾各年份不同水深单元的面积与容积统计

Table 1. Statistical data of the area and volume of each depth unit in the Lingding Bay in different years

水深/m	1965年		1998年		2007年		2016年
水深/m	面积/km²	体积/km³	面积/km²	体积/km³	面积/km²	体积/km³	面积/km²	体积/km³
0～5	747.41	1.87	723.47	2.11	649.81	1.42	613.46	1.26
5～10	815.69	6.36	695.8	6.18	625.37	5.39	545.82	4.98
＞10	146.93	23.73	141.13	28.75	157.91	34.29	259.99	36.58
合计	1710.03	31.96	1560.4	37.04	1433.09	41.1	1419.27	42.82

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