Preliminary study on microseismic response characteristics of cold seep in Qiongdongnan sea area: A case study of “Haima” cold seep
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摘要:
海底天然气水合物区的冷泉系统中流体在运移过程中会冲击浅部地层，使下部地层中的流体物质发生“固-液-气”转化，其释放的能量导致裂隙坍塌和孔隙破裂，进而产生一系列与冷泉活动相关的微地震信号。这些微地震信号能够直观准确地反映天然气水合物区冷泉系统的生长发育状态及生命周期，揭示其流体逸散活动规律。本文研究了琼东南海域“海马”冷泉区2014和2021年的两次不同时间监测到的地震数据，经过相应的预处理，利用长短时窗能量比方法识别出了大量与冷泉活动相关的微地震事件。通过对这些微地震信号的波形、频谱特征和时间分布特征分析，了解了琼东南海域天然气水合物区冷泉微地震事件的响应特征。初步研究结果表明，“海马”冷泉区的冷泉活动产生的微地震事件包括短扰动信号和典型的冷泉微地震信号；波形尾部呈现类似指数的有规律的衰减，持续时间为0.3～2 s，主频分布在4～26 Hz以内。微地震活动不存在明显的类似潮汐的时间分布规律，多呈现短期集中分布的特点，这可能与冷泉喷口的活动及活动的强弱有关。
Abstract:During the migration, fluid in the cold seep system of the submarine natural gas hydrate area will impact the shallow strata, causing the fluid material in the lower strata to undergo a "solid-liquid-gas" transformation. The energy released could cause fracture collapse and pore rupture, thereby generating a series of vibration events. These microseismic signals can visually and accurately reflect the growth and development status and life cycle of the cold seep system, and reveal the laws of its fluid escape activities. We studied the microseismic data monitored at two different times in 2014 and 2021 near the Haima cold seep area in the Qiongdongnan waters. After preprocessing the data, a large number of microseismic events related to cold seep activities were identified using the STA/LTA (short term average/long term average) method. By analyzing the characteristics of waveform, spectrum, and time distribution of these microseismic signals, the response characteristics of the cold seep microseismic events in the natural gas hydrate area in the Qiongdongnan waters were clarified. Preliminary research results show that the microseismic events generated by the cold seep activity in the Haima cold seep area include short duration events and typical cold seep microseismic signals; the tail of the waveform shows a regular and exponential-like decay, with a duration of 0.3~2 s and a main frequency range of 4~26 Hz. There is no obvious tidal-like time distribution pattern for cold seep microseismic activity, and it mostly shows the characteristics of short-term concentrated distribution, which may be related to the activity and strength of the cold seep vents.
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表 1 两次投放的海底地震仪采样率、台站编号和记录时长
Table 1. The sampling rate, station number, and recording duration of the ocean bottom seismographers in the two deployments
投放时间 采样率/Hz 台站编号 记录时长 2014年
4月18日500 S10 83 760 s S12 86 160 s S14 88 140 s S16 90 660 s S18 92 400 s S20 94 500 s S22 96 660 s S24 98 160 s S26 100 560 s S28 102 840 s S30 104 280 s S32 106 260 s S34 108 300 s 2021年
11月6日250 Geopro台站 约14 d 
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表 2 STA/LTA方法拾取与冷泉活动相关微地震事件参数设置
Table 2. The parameter settings of the STA/LTA method for picking up microseismic signals related to cold seep activity
数据投放
时间STA设置
时间/sLTA设置
时间/s开始
触发值结束
触发值2014-04-18 0.1 2 10 2 2021-11-06 0.1 1 6 2
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表 3 2014年4月18日13台海底地震仪冷泉微地震事件拾取数目统计
Table 3. The statistics of cold seep microseismic events recognized by 13 ocean bottom seismographers in 18 April 2014
台站 各分量上拾取数量/次 拾取总
量/次两个分量
同时拾取到
数量/次三个分量
同时拾取到
数量/次E分量 N分量 Z分量 S10 62 44 54 160 21 28 S12 6 3 7 16 1 2 S14 16 11 10 37 2 6 S16 27 23 101 151 9 15 S18 11 20 42 73 10 4 S20 609 298 465 1372 185 249 S22 82 72 22 176 38 13 S24 38 40 17 95 15 12 S26 92 51 41 184 26 15 S28 21 18 40 79 7 12 S30 7 11 28 46 3 4 S32 160 190 461 811 84 105 S34 15 16 6 37 8 2 合计 1146 797 1294 3237 409 467
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表 4 2021年11月6—18日期间单台海底地震仪冷泉微地震事件拾取数目统计
Table 4. The statistics of cold seep microseismic events detected by a single ocean bottom seismographer from November 6-18, 2021
日期
（2021年）各分量上拾取数量/次 拾取总
量/次两个分
量同时
拾取到
数量/次三个分
量同时
拾取到
数量/次四个分
量同时
拾取到
数量/次E分量 N分量 Z分量 H分量 11-06 10 40 33 12 95 4 0 0 11-07 25 1013 98 7 1143 8 3 2 11-08 22 9 152 3 186 4 0 0 11-09 25 8 6 14 53 1 1 1 11-10 14 7 8 6 35 4 0 0 11-11 23 19 13 10 65 8 0 1 11-12 22 3 2 5 32 1 0 0 11-13 24 8 7 4 43 1 1 1 11-14 11 11 9 25 56 4 0 1 11-15 22 2 8 18 50 1 0 0 11-16 29 1 4 7 41 0 0 0 11-17 20 1 2 7 30 1 0 0 11-18 23 1 1 10 35 0 0 0 合计 270 1123 343 128 1864 37 5 6
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