Numerical simulation of groundwater pollution caused by leakage of urban pipe network: a case study on an interfluve in Shenzhen City
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摘要:
针对现阶段城市地下管网渗漏导致的地下水体污染问题，文章选取深圳市光明区某河间地块作为研究区域，并进行了详细的地下水环境背景调查。基于调查结果，利用数值模拟软件（Groundwater Modeling System，GMS）建立了研究场地的水文地质模型和三维溶质运移数值模型，研究了复杂环境下市政排水设施的渗漏情况及污染物的迁移过程。结果表明：研究区地下水背景水质存在污染风险，主要污染指标包括硝酸盐、氯化物、亚硝酸盐、总大肠菌群和锰离子等，其中，硝酸盐浓度达25 mg/L；管网渗漏区域的污染物迁移方向受地形影响，总体由东北向西南流动，迁移速率约为0.5 m/d。参数的敏感性分析表明：含水层渗透系数越大，地下水流动和污染物迁移扩散的程度越显著，污染羽扩散范围也越大。该研究成果为城市管网渗漏导致的地下水污染的防治提供了科学依据，有助于推动该区域及类似环境中管网渗漏问题的科学解决和管理实践。
Abstract:Regarding the underground water pollution resulting from the leakage of urban underground pipe networks, this study selected a specific interfluve in Guangming District, Shenzhen City as the research area and conducted a detailed background investigation of the groundwater environment. Based on the investigation results, we established a hydrogeological conceptual model and a three-dimensional solute transport numerical model by employing the numerical simulation software (Groundwater Modeling System, GMS) to systematically explore the leakage effects of municipal drainage facilities on migration process of groundwater pollutants. The results demonstrated that there existed a pollution risk of groundwater quality in the study area, which was mainly indicated by nitrate, chloride, nitrite, total coliform bacteria and manganese ions, etc. Among them, the nitrate concentration was as high as 25 mg/L. The migration direction of pollutants in the leakage area of the pipe network was influenced by topographic characteristics and generally flows from the northeast to the southwest, with a migration rate of approximately 0. 5 m/d. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of aquifer parameters indicated that the larger the permeability coefficient of the sediment, the more prominent the degree of groundwater flow and pollutant migration and diffusion, and the broader the diffusion range of the pollution plume. The research findings offer a scientific basis for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution caused by urban pipe network leakage and contribute to facilitating the scientific solution and management practice of pipe network leakage issues in this area and similar environments.
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表 1 三维模型不同地层参数赋值情况
Table 1. The assignment of parameters for different strata in the three-dimensional model
地层 水平渗透系数/（m·d−1） 水平各向异性 垂向各向异性 给水度 释水系数 纵向弥散系数 孔隙度 素填土 8.64 1 1 0.00001 0.19 0.5 0.19 冲洪积层 6.912 1 3 0.00001 0.17 0.5 0.17 强风化层 4.32 1 1 0.00001 0.2 0.5 0.2 基岩 0.00464 1 1 0.00001 0.001 0.5 0.001 
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