摘要:
在国际合作突出生态文明理念的总体要求下,中国和缅甸在共同推进缅甸基础建设发展中面临着水资源承载力低、地下水开发与环境保护基础薄弱等挑战。文章系统分析了缅甸不同水文地质单元的地下水赋存条件与地下水环境问题,揭示了缅甸不同地区地下水资源的开发利用潜力存在不均衡的问题。研究结果表明: 在中部地区,冲积层和伊洛瓦底群含水层的地下水潜力大,勃固群和始新统含水层也存在一定的地下水开发潜力; 在东部高原区,岩溶地下水的水文地质条件复杂、开发利用难度大; 在西部、东南沿海和三角洲地区,地下水的开发利用则受到高盐度、砷污染等环境问题的限制。研究有助于从缅甸全域角度深入认识地下水开发利用条件,为推动缅甸地下水资源的合理规划和开采提供科学依据。
Abstract:
Under the general requirement of highlighting the concept of ecological civilization during international cooperation in construction, China and Myanmar are facing challenges in jointly promoting infrastructure development, such as low water resources carrying capacity, weak foundation of groundwater development and environmental protection. The authors in this paper systematically analyzed the groundwater occurrence conditions and groundwater environmental issues in different hydrogeological units in Myanmar, and revealed uneven potential for groundwater resources development and utilization in different regions of Myanmar. In the central plateau, alluvial and Ayeyarwady Group aquifers have high groundwater potentiality, while Pegu Group and Eocene aquifers have certain potentiality in groundwater utilization. In the eastern highland region, the hydrogeological conditions of karst groundwater are complex and difficult to develop and utilize. In the western, southeastern coastal and delta regions, the groundwater exploitation is severely limited by environmental groundwater problems such as high salinity and arsenic content. This research contributes to a systematic understanding of the hydrogeological conditions across Myanmar and provides scientific basis for promoting rational planning and exploitation of groundwater resources in Myanmar.
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